期中考试过后，班上有同学反应阅读理解变难了，句子太长，根本不知道如何去理解句子的意思。另外也经常会有一些朋友会问，如何啃下一部英文大部头呢，总感觉单词都认识，但是堆在一起我就搞不清楚意思了。
其实这个非常简单。因为不管是中文还是英文，句子都是由主干部分和修饰部分构成的，正如一棵大树，有树干也有枝叶。所以不管是理解中文还是理解英文，我们都可以先从理解主干入手。比如下面的例句，乍一看，句子有点长。
Over the summer, employees at a Japanese marketing firm noticed that not all of their colleagues were working the same number of hours.
如何分析呢，记住三个字：找主干！
我们以前学语文的时候学过是缩句——把一个很长的句子，缩短，最后只剩主干。
原句：广场上千万盏灯静静地照耀着天安门广场周围的宏伟建筑。
缩句：灯照耀着建筑。
对比原句与缩句后的句子：去掉的是句子中的修饰成分。
那英文呢？其实也一样。把修饰的那部分去掉，剩下的就是最主要的。
原句：Over the summer, employees at a Japanese marketing firm noticed that not all of their colleagues were working the same number of hours.
缩句：Over the summer, employees at a Japanese marketing firm noticed that not all of their colleagues were working the same number of hours.
句子主干是： employees noticed+从句（因为后面是一个完整的句子，就叫从句）。
从句的主干是：colleagues were working。
此时我们会发现，划掉的部分是over the summer，at a Japanese marketing firm等介词短语以及that等引导的从句。
那么如何找缩句——有两种方式：
今天介绍第一种：
先找句子的谓语动词，找到谓语动词后，再往前找它的相应的主语。其他的就暂且忽略不计。也就是谁做了什么事情。
Over the summer, employees at a Japanese marketing firm noticed that not all of their colleagues were working the same number of hours.
这个句子中，一眼扫过去，我们会看见noticed 和were working 是两个谓语动词。它们对应的主语分别是：employees 和 colleagues。
所以句子就简化成：
接下来我们可以来操练一下，记住心中只有一个目标：先找谓语动词，再找主语。
1. About one-third of the people at the company, Piala, were smokers and stepped away from their desks during the day for cigarette breaks. Despite the time the smokers were away from work, everyone left the office for the night at the same time.
2. Nonsmokers at the agency complained about the unfairness to the chief executive, whose response in September has drawn attention in a countrywhere tobacco use remains popular and workers take few days off. Employees at Piala who did not smoke, the company announced, would be rewarded with up to six additional vacation days a year.
3. Some companies in Japan are adopting tougher rules on tobacco use. A life insurance company in Japan recently announced new antismoking measures, including a ban on smoking on company property and a plan to convert some smoking rooms into other uses.
OK，这里是分界线。先停下来想一想，找一找动词，句子讲的是谁做了什么事情？
如果你已经找完了，往下翻，我们一起来check一下吧。
上述文章段落即简化成：
以上是搞定英语长难句的方法一：先找谓语动词，然后找主语，从而找到句子的主干，然后进行整句理解。
话不多说，赶快用起来吧~~如果在使用过程中有任何问题，欢迎你留言哟
下期我将会学习另一种方式来更快速地搞定长难句。
