Cnavas绘制时钟
- 背景图的绘制(大圆、数字、小圆点),掌握基础知识:圆的绘制(arc方法),关于圆的弧度的计算,数学中关于
sin cos
的用法
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Canvas Clock</title>
</head>
<body>
<div style="margin:100px 100px;">
<canvas id="clock" height="200" width="200"></canvas>
</div>
</body>
<script>
var obj = document.getElementById('clock');
var ctx = obj.getContext('2d');
var width = ctx.canvas.width;
var height = ctx.canvas.height;
var r = width / 2; //圆的半径为宽度的一半
var rem = width / 200; //比例,是为了在放大canvas大小的时候,其他的样式也一起放大,一开始做的时候是以200px为标准的
//画圆
function drawBackground() {
ctx.save();
ctx.translate(r, r); //改变原点的位置
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.lineWidth = 10 * rem;
//以0,0为原点,r为半径,0为起始角,2*Math.PI为结束角,顺时针画圆
ctx.arc(0, 0, r - ctx.lineWidth / 2, 0, 2 * Math.PI, false);
ctx.stroke();
var hourNumber = [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 1, 2]; //因为画圆是以3点的位置为起始点的,所以3放在第一个
ctx.font = 18 * rem + 'px Arial';
ctx.textAlign = 'center'; //将数字的位置摆正
ctx.textBaseline = 'middle';
//画出1-12的数字
hourNumber.forEach(function (number, i) {
var rad = 2 * Math.PI / 12 * i;
var x = Math.cos(rad) * (r - 30 * rem);
var y = Math.sin(rad) * (r - 30 * rem);
ctx.fillText(number, x, y);
});
//画出秒针走动的60个点
for (var i = 0; i < 60; i++) {
var rad = 2 * Math.PI / 60 * i;
var x = Math.cos(rad) * (r - 18 * rem);
var y = Math.sin(rad) * (r - 18 * rem);
ctx.beginPath();
if (i % 5 === 0) { //整点的圆圈是黑色的,非整点的部分是灰色的
ctx.fillStyle = '#000';
ctx.arc(x, y, 2 * rem, 0, 2, 2 * Math.PI, false);
} else {
ctx.fillStyle = '#ccc';
ctx.arc(x, y, 2 * rem, 0, 2, 2 * Math.PI, false);
}
ctx.fill();
}
}
drawBackground();
</script>
- 时分秒针以及中心原点的绘制,其中时针和分针就是绘制一个直线即可,秒针则画一个梯形样式呈现又粗到细的效果,要掌握的基础知识:直线的绘制,旋转角度的控制(rotate以弧度为单位),时钟的动态走动效果,则用
setInterval
函数控制每一秒钟执行一次绘制时钟的函数。
//绘制时针
function drawHour(hour, minute) {
ctx.save();
ctx.beginPath();
var rad = 2 * Math.PI / 12 * hour; //计算时钟转动的弧度
var mrad = 2 * Math.PI / 12 / 60 * minute; //计算分针转动的弧度
ctx.rotate(rad + mrad);
ctx.lineWidth = 6;
ctx.lineCap = 'round';
ctx.moveTo(0, 10 * rem);
ctx.lineTo(0, -r / 2);
ctx.stroke();
ctx.restore();
}
//绘制分针
function drawMinute(minute) {
ctx.save();
ctx.beginPath();
var rad = 2 * Math.PI / 60 * minute; //计算分针转动的弧度
ctx.rotate(rad);
ctx.lineWidth = 3 * rem;
ctx.lineCap = 'round';
ctx.moveTo(0, 10);
ctx.lineTo(0, -r + 30 * rem);
ctx.stroke();
ctx.restore();
}
//绘制秒针
function drawSecond(second) {
ctx.save();
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.fillStyle = '#c14443';
var rad = 2 * Math.PI / 60 * second; //计算秒针转动的弧度
ctx.rotate(rad);
ctx.moveTo(-2, 20 * rem);
ctx.lineTo(2, 20 * rem);
ctx.lineTo(1, -r + 18 * rem);
ctx.lineTo(-1, -r + 18 * rem);
ctx.fill();
ctx.restore();
}
//画时钟上的中心白色原点
function drawDot() {
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.fillStyle = '#fff';
ctx.arc(0, 0, 3 * rem, 0, 2 * Math.PI, false);
ctx.fill();
}
function draw() {
ctx.clearRect(0, 0, width, height); //每一次都要将canvas清空一下,不然秒针就会一直显示在canvas上面
var now = new Date(); //获得当前时间
var hour = now.getHours();
var minutes = now.getMinutes();
var seconds = now.getSeconds();
drawBackground();
drawHour(hour, minutes);
drawMinute(minutes);
drawSecond(seconds);
drawDot();
ctx.restore();
}
setInterval(draw, 1000); //每秒执行一次
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Canvas Clock</title>
</head>
<body>
<div style="margin:100px 100px;">
<canvas id="clock" height="200" width="200"></canvas>
</div>
</body>
<script>
var obj = document.getElementById('clock');
var ctx = obj.getContext('2d');
var width = ctx.canvas.width;
var height = ctx.canvas.height;
var r = width / 2;
var rem = width / 200; //比例
//画圆
function drawBackground() {
ctx.save();
ctx.translate(r, r);
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.lineWidth = 10 * rem;
//以0,0为原点,r为半径,0为起始角,2*Math.PI为结束角,顺时针画圆
ctx.arc(0, 0, r - ctx.lineWidth / 2, 0, 2 * Math.PI, false);
ctx.stroke();
var hourNumber = [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 1, 2];
ctx.font = 18 * rem + 'px Arial';
ctx.textAlign = 'center';
ctx.textBaseline = 'middle';
//画出1-12的数字
hourNumber.forEach(function (number, i) {
var rad = 2 * Math.PI / 12 * i;
var x = Math.cos(rad) * (r - 30 * rem);
var y = Math.sin(rad) * (r - 30 * rem);
ctx.fillText(number, x, y);
});
//画出秒针走动的60个点
for (var i = 0; i < 60; i++) {
var rad = 2 * Math.PI / 60 * i;
var x = Math.cos(rad) * (r - 18 * rem);
var y = Math.sin(rad) * (r - 18 * rem);
ctx.beginPath();
if (i % 5 === 0) {
ctx.fillStyle = '#000';
ctx.arc(x, y, 2 * rem, 0, 2, 2 * Math.PI, false);
} else {
ctx.fillStyle = '#ccc';
ctx.arc(x, y, 2 * rem, 0, 2, 2 * Math.PI, false);
}
ctx.fill();
}
}
//绘制时针
function drawHour(hour, minute) {
ctx.save();
ctx.beginPath();
var rad = 2 * Math.PI / 12 * hour;
var mrad = 2 * Math.PI / 12 / 60 * minute;
ctx.rotate(rad + mrad);
ctx.lineWidth = 6;
ctx.lineCap = 'round';
ctx.moveTo(0, 10 * rem);
ctx.lineTo(0, -r / 2);
ctx.stroke();
ctx.restore();
}
//绘制分针
function drawMinute(minute) {
ctx.save();
ctx.beginPath();
var rad = 2 * Math.PI / 60 * minute;
ctx.rotate(rad);
ctx.lineWidth = 3 * rem;
ctx.lineCap = 'round';
ctx.moveTo(0, 10);
ctx.lineTo(0, -r + 30 * rem);
ctx.stroke();
ctx.restore();
}
//绘制秒针
function drawSecond(second) {
ctx.save();
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.fillStyle = '#c14443';
var rad = 2 * Math.PI / 60 * second;
ctx.rotate(rad);
ctx.moveTo(-2, 20 * rem);
ctx.lineTo(2, 20 * rem);
ctx.lineTo(1, -r + 18 * rem);
ctx.lineTo(-1, -r + 18 * rem);
ctx.fill();
ctx.restore();
}
//画时钟上的中心白色原点
function drawDot() {
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.fillStyle = '#fff';
ctx.arc(0, 0, 3 * rem, 0, 2 * Math.PI, false);
ctx.fill();
}
function draw() {
ctx.clearRect(0, 0, width, height);
var now = new Date();
var hour = now.getHours();
var minutes = now.getMinutes();
var seconds = now.getSeconds();
drawBackground();
drawHour(hour, minutes);
drawMinute(minutes);
drawSecond(seconds);
drawDot();
ctx.restore();
}
setInterval(draw, 1000); //每秒执行一次
</script>