elasticsearch学习

什么是elasticsearch

基于apache lucene 构建的开源搜索引擎
采用java 编写，提供简单易用的RESTFul API
轻松的横向拓展，可支持PB级的结构化或非结构化数据处理

应用场景

海量数据分析引擎
站内搜索引擎
数据仓库

单实例安装

下载5.5.2版本
- ~~_官方~~
- 百度云链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1L-pws-7SET1Ms4xKhsFL-w 密码:7kmz
解压 tar -zxvf elasticsearch-5.5.2.gz
运行 sh ./elasticsearch-5.5.2/bin/elasticsearch 需要在jdk8+ 运行
查看是否运行成功 localhost:9200
运行结果

（

插件安装(为了更直观的使用es)

安装node brew install -g node 插件需要在6.0以上的node环境运行
下载插件 git clone https://github.com/mobz/elasticsearch-head.git
cd elasticsearch-head/
npm install 仅第一次需要安装
npm run start 运行head插件
插件会在9100启动，elasticsearch在9200启动是跨域请求，需要修改一下配置
cd **/elasticsearch-5.5.2/config
vim elasticsearch.yml添加以下配置
- http.cors.enabled: true
- http.cors.allow-origin: "*"
sh ../bin/elasticsearch –d 后台启动es
cd ../elasticsearch-head/
npm run start
访问 localhost:9200 效果

image

多实例安装

mkdir es_cluster
cp ../elasticsearch-5.5.2.gz ./
tar -zxvf elasticsearch-5.5.2.gz
cp -r elasticsearch-5.5.2 es_master 主
cp -r elasticsearch-5.5.2 es_slave1 从1
cp -r elasticsearch-5.5.2 es_slave2 从2
rm -rf elasticsearch-5.5.2* 删除多余的包
vim es_master/config/elasticsearch.yml修改主配置
- http.cors.enabled: true
- http.cors.allow-origin: "*"
- cluster.name: ibest #集群名称
- node.name: master #结点名称
- node.master: true #指定为主结点
关闭之前启动单实例启动多实例master
- lsof -i :9200
- kill * * 对应9200的id
- ./es_master/bin/elasticsearch -d
vim es_slave1/config/elasticsearch.yml修改从1配置
- cluster.name: ibest #集群名称，必须和主结点一致，否则无法加入集群
- node.name: slave1 #结点名称
- network.host: 127.0.0.1 #和其他结点通信的地址
- http.port: 8200 #9200已经被主结点占用
- discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: ["127.0.0.1"]#发现主结点
./es_slave1/bin/elasticsearch -d 启动从1
vim es_slave2/config/elasticsearch.yml修改从2配置
- cluster.name: ibest #集群名称，必须和主结点一致，否则无法加入集群
- node.name: slave2 #结点名称
- network.host: 127.0.0.1 #和其他结点通信的地址
- http.port: 7200 #9200已经被主结点占用
- discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: ["127.0.0.1"]#发现主结点
./es_slave2/bin/elasticsearch -d 启动从2
最终效果

image

基础概念

将es与mysql 联系起来

es	mysql
索引	database
类型	table
文档id	一条记录的id

API基本格式 http://<ip>:<port>/<索引>/<类型>/<文档id>。请求方式：Get、Post、Put、Delete。
es索引为结构化索引 和 非结构化索引
settings:修改,设置分片和副本数的
- number_of_shards:分片数
- number_of_replicas:备份数
mappings:修改,设置字段和类型
- properties:定义type的属性值
  - type: 数据类型定义
  - analyzer: 定义分析器

创建索引

json数据如下

   "settings":{
       "number_of_shards":5,
       "number_of_replicas":1
   },
   "mappings":{
       "man":{
           "properties": {
               "name":{
                   "type": "text"
               },
               "country": {
                   "type": "keyword"
               },
               "age": {
                   "type": "integer"
               },
               "date": {
                   "type": "date",
                   "format":"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss||yyy-MM-dd||epoch_millis"
               }
           }
       },
       "woman": {
           
       }
   }
   
}

image

插入

指定ID插入 put请求，id自定义

{
    "name": "jack",
    "age": 18,
    "country": "China",
    "date": "2020-04-21"
    
}

image

自动产生文档ID post请求，id自动生成

{
    "name": "tom",
    "age": 11,
    "country": "China",
    "date": "2001-04-21"
    
}

[站外图片上传中...(image-907979-1587472414044)]

image

修改关键词_update

直接修改文档

{
 "doc": {
    "name": "jak_bus"
 }
    
}

image

脚本修改文档
- ctx._source引用源文档
- lang 脚本语言（默认painless es内置语言）
- params 参数

{
  "script": {
    "inline":  "ctx._source.age = params.age",
  "params": {
    "age":29
  }
  }

}

image

删除 delete请求

删除

查询

先创建 book索引

{  
    "settings":{
       "number_of_shards":5,
       "number_of_replicas":1
   },
   "mappings":{
       "novel":{
           "properties": {
               "word_count":{
                   "type": "integer"
               },
               "author": {
                   "type": "keyword"
               },
               "title": {
                   "type": "text"
               },
               "publish_date": {
                   "type": "date",
                   "format":"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss||yyy-MM-dd||epoch_millis"
               }
           }
       }
   }
   
}

插入测试数据

{
    "author": "施耐庵",
    "title": "水浒传",
    "word_count" : "39880",
    "public_date": "1370-04-21"
}
{
    "author": "罗贯中",
    "title": "三国演义",
    "word_count" : "2234222",
    "public_date": "1400-04-21"
}
{
    "author": "吴承恩",
    "title": "西游记",
    "word_count" : "2233922",
    "public_date": "1582-04-21"
}
{
    "author": "曹雪芹",
    "title": "红楼梦",
    "word_count" : "833922",
    "public_date": "1763-04-21"
}

简单查询

image.png

条件查询关键词_search

term,terms查询
- $\color{red}{term,terms 无视分词器,这种查询适合keyword 、numeric、date}$
- term 查询某个字段里含有某个关键词的文档
- terms 查询某个字段里含有多个关键词的文档
  - term 和 terms 是包含（contains）操作，而非等值（equals）（判断）
  - 不知道分词器的存在，所以不会去分词
- from，size 控制查询返回的数量，类似 mysql 中 limit 操作
- fields query中的范围

{
    "from":0,
    "size":2,
    "query":{
        "terms":{
            "author": ["罗","吴","曹"]
        }
    }
}

image.png

match查询
- $\color{red}{match 知道分词器的存在，会对field进行分词操作，然后再查询}$
- match_all 查询所有文档
- multi_match:可以指定多个字段
- match_phrase:短语匹配查询，ElasticSearch引擎首先分析（analyze）查询字符串，从分析后的文本中构建短语查询，这意味着必须匹配短语中的所有分词，并且保证各个分词的相对位置不变

post localhost:9200/book/_search
{
    "query": {
        "match": {
            "author" : "罗中吴"
        }
    }
}

结果 
{
    "took": 20,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": 2,
        "max_score": 1.219939,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "book",
                "_type": "novel",
                "_id": "2",
                "_score": 1.219939,
                "_source": {
                    "author": "罗贯中",
                    "title": "三国演义",
                    "word_count": "2234222",
                    "public_date": "1400-04-21"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "book",
                "_type": "novel",
                "_id": "3",
                "_score": 0.25316024,
                "_source": {
                    "author": "吴承恩",
                    "title": "西游记",
                    "word_count": "2233922",
                    "public_date": "1582-04-21"
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

post localhost:9200/book/_search
{
    "query": {
        "match_all": {
        
        }
    }
}

结果
{
    "took": 1,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": 4,
        "max_score": 1,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "book",
                "_type": "novel",
                "_id": "2",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "author": "罗贯中",
                    "title": "三国演义",
                    "word_count": "2234222",
                    "public_date": "1400-04-21"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "book",
                "_type": "novel",
                "_id": "4",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "author": "曹雪芹",
                    "title": "红楼梦",
                    "word_count": "833922",
                    "public_date": "1763-04-21"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "book",
                "_type": "novel",
                "_id": "1",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "author": "施耐庵",
                    "title": "水浒传",
                    "word_count": "39880",
                    "public_date": "1370-04-21"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "book",
                "_type": "novel",
                "_id": "3",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "author": "吴承恩",
                    "title": "西游记",
                    "word_count": "2233922",
                    "public_date": "1582-04-21"
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

post localhost:9200/book/_search
{
    "query": {
        "multi_match":{
            "query":  "吴红",
            "fields": ["author","title"]  //查询的字段为  author，title
        }
        
    }
}

结果
{
    "took": 16,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": 2,
        "max_score": 0.6548752,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "book",
                "_type": "novel",
                "_id": "4",
                "_score": 0.6548752,
                "_source": {
                    "author": "曹雪芹",
                    "title": "红楼梦",
                    "word_count": "833922",
                    "public_date": "1763-04-21"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "book",
                "_type": "novel",
                "_id": "3",
                "_score": 0.25316024,
                "_source": {
                    "author": "吴承恩",
                    "title": "西游记",
                    "word_count": "2233922",
                    "public_date": "1582-04-21"
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

post localhost:9200/book/_search
{
    "query": {
        "match_phrase": {
            "author":"曹雪"
        }
        
    }
}

结果
{
    "took": 15,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": 1,
        "max_score": 1.219939,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "book",
                "_type": "novel",
                "_id": "4",
                "_score": 1.219939,
                "_source": {
                    "author": "曹雪芹",
                    "title": "红楼梦",
                    "word_count": "833922",
                    "public_date": "1763-04-21"
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

指定返回的字段
- _source 设置返回字段
- 显示要的字段或去除不需要的字段、可以使用通配符*
  - includes 包含
  - excludes 排除

post localhost:9200/book/_search
{
    "_source":["author","word_count"],
    "query": {
        "match_phrase": {
            "author":"曹雪"
        }
        
    }
}

结果
{
    "took": 31,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": 1,
        "max_score": 1.219939,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "book",
                "_type": "novel",
                "_id": "4",
                "_score": 1.219939,
                "_source": {
                    "word_count": "833922",
                    "author": "曹雪芹"
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

post localhost:9200/book/_search
{
    "_source":{
        "includes":"*a*",
        "excludes": "tit*"
    },
    "query": {
        "match_phrase": {
            "author":"曹雪"
        }
        
    }
}

结果 
{
    "took": 3,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": 1,
        "max_score": 1.219939,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "book",
                "_type": "novel",
                "_id": "4",
                "_score": 1.219939,
                "_source": {
                    "author": "曹雪芹",
                    "public_date": "1763-04-21"
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

排序

post localhost:9200/book/_search
{
    
    "query": {
        "match_all": {
            
        }
    },
    "sort":[
                {
                    "public_date": "desc"
                }
            ]
        
}

结果
{
    "took": 25,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": 4,
        "max_score": null,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "book",
                "_type": "novel",
                "_id": "4",
                "_score": null,
                "_source": {
                    "author": "曹雪芹",
                    "title": "红楼梦",
                    "word_count": "833922",
                    "public_date": "1763-04-21"
                },
                "sort": [
                    -6522768000000
                ]
            },
            {
                "_index": "book",
                "_type": "novel",
                "_id": "3",
                "_score": null,
                "_source": {
                    "author": "吴承恩",
                    "title": "西游记",
                    "word_count": "2233922",
                    "public_date": "1582-04-21"
                },
                "sort": [
                    -12234585600000
                ]
            },
            {
                "_index": "book",
                "_type": "novel",
                "_id": "2",
                "_score": null,
                "_source": {
                    "author": "罗贯中",
                    "title": "三国演义",
                    "word_count": "2234222",
                    "public_date": "1400-04-21"
                },
                "sort": [
                    -17977939200000
                ]
            },
            {
                "_index": "book",
                "_type": "novel",
                "_id": "1",
                "_score": null,
                "_source": {
                    "author": "施耐庵",
                    "title": "水浒传",
                    "word_count": "39880",
                    "public_date": "1370-04-21"
                },
                "sort": [
                    -18924624000000
                ]
            }
        ]
    }
}

语法查询
- query_string 查询解析输入并在运算符周围分割文本

post localhost:9200/book/_search
{
    "query":{
        "query_string": {
            "query": "吴 AND 恩"
        }
    }
}

结果
{
    "took": 21,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": 1,
        "max_score": 0.56977004,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "book",
                "_type": "novel",
                "_id": "3",
                "_score": 0.56977004,
                "_source": {
                    "author": "吴承恩",
                    "title": "西游记",
                    "word_count": "2233922",
                    "public_date": "1582-04-21"
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

localhost:9200/book/_search
{
    "query":{
        "query_string": {
            "query": "(吴 AND 恩) OR 水浒传"
        }
    }
}

结果
{
    "took": 10,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": 2,
        "max_score": 0.854655,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "book",
                "_type": "novel",
                "_id": "1",
                "_score": 0.854655,
                "_source": {
                    "author": "施耐庵",
                    "title": "水浒传",
                    "word_count": "39880",
                    "public_date": "1370-04-21"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "book",
                "_type": "novel",
                "_id": "3",
                "_score": 0.56977004,
                "_source": {
                    "author": "吴承恩",
                    "title": "西游记",
                    "word_count": "2233922",
                    "public_date": "1582-04-21"
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

post localhost:9200/book/_search
{
    "query":{
        "query_string": {
            "query": "(吴 AND 恩) OR 水浒传",
            "fields":["author"] //设定查询范围
        
        }           
    }
}

结果
{
    "took": 3,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": 1,
        "max_score": 0.5063205,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "book",
                "_type": "novel",
                "_id": "3",
                "_score": 0.5063205,
                "_source": {
                    "author": "吴承恩",
                    "title": "西游记",
                    "word_count": "2233922",
                    "public_date": "1582-04-21"
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

range:实现范围查询
- 参数：from,to,include_lower,include_upper,boost
- include_lower:是否包含范围的左边界，默认是true
- include_upper:是否包含范围的右边界，默认是true
- gt大于,gte大于或等于,lt小于,lte小于或等于与mybatisPlus语法一致不做演示
- ~~boost 搜索条件的权重，boost，可以将某个搜索条件的权重加大~~
  - 当匹配这个搜索条件和匹配另一个搜索条件的document知识点计算relevance score时，匹配权重更大的搜索条件的document，relevance score会更高，当然也就会优先被返回回来
  - 默认情况下，搜索条件的权重都是一样的，都是1

post localhost:9200/book/_search
{
    "query":{
        "range": {
            "word_count": {
                "from": 223,
                "to": 2233922,
                "include_lower": true, // 包含223这个值
                "include_upper": true //包含2233922这个值
            }
        }
    }
}

结果
{
    "took": 1,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": 1,
        "max_score": 1,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "book",
                "_type": "novel",
                "_id": "3",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "author": "吴承恩",
                    "title": "西游记",
                    "word_count": "2233922",
                    "public_date": "1582-04-21"
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

post localhost:9200/book/_search
{
    "query":{
        "range": {
            "word_count": {
                "from": 223,
                "to": 2233922,
                "include_lower": true,
                "include_upper": false //不包含2233922
            }
        }
    }
}

结果
{
    "took": 2,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": 0,
        "max_score": null,
        "hits": []
    }
}

filter 简单过滤查询

post localhost:9200/book/_search

{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "filter": {
        "term": {
            "public_date": "1400-04-21"
        }
      }
}
}
}

~~wildcard 查询~~
~~fuzzy实现模糊查询~~
~~高亮搜索结果~~
~~符合查询~~
以上几种查询不一一列举

聚合查询

post localhost:9200/book/_search
{
    "aggs":{  //聚合关键字
        "group_by_word_count":{ //名称，自定义
            "terms":{
                "field":"word_count" //要统计的列
            }
        }
}

结果
{
    "took": 28,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": 4,
        "max_score": 1,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "book",
                "_type": "novel",
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最后编辑于：2020.04.23 14:51:03

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