复合关系代词+准关系代词
-复合关系代词的种类
复合关系代词=先行词+关系代词
代替人:whoever,whomever
代替人或物:whichever
代替物:what,whatever
whoever=anybody who
anybody为代词,可在主句中当作主语或宾语,who做主语引导定语从句修饰anybody
注:whoever作副词连词时,等于no matter who(与主句中间有逗号相隔)
whomever=anybody whom
anybody在主句中只能做宾语,whom作宾语引导定语从句修饰anybody
whichever=any one which/who (三者以上 同一类的任何一个...)
whichever=either which/who (二者 同一类中的任何一个...)
what=the thing(s) which(所...的东西)
造句注意原则:
a.前面不可有先行词
b.what视为the thing(s) which
c.which在所引导的定语从句中可做主语、宾语或be动词后的表语
whatever=anything which(...的任何东西)
注:whatever作副词连词时,等于no matter what(与主句中间有逗号相隔)
whatever(不同类的任何东西) VS whichever(同一类的任何一项)
what (所...的东西)VS whatever(所...的任何东西)
however
连接性副词:然而
副词连词:无论如何 = no matter how
造句步骤:
a.how=no matter how
b.造含有形容词或副词的句子
c.将句子置于no matter how之后
d,将形容词或副词移位在how之后,形成状语从句,再接主句
特殊句型:
However poor he is,he doesn't want anyone to help him.
=However poor he may be,he doesn't want anyone to help him.
=Be he ever so poor,he doesn't want anyone to help him.
-准关系代词的种类&形成条件
种类:than,as,but
形成条件:than,as,but之前若有名词
than=than+the+前面名词+关系代词
than视为关系代词,在所引导的从句中作主语、宾语或be动词之后的表语
as=as+the+前面名词+关系代词
as若做准关系代词,只用于下列短语中:
such+n.+as(像...那样的...)
the same+n.+as(和...相同的...)
as+adj.+n.+as(和...一样的...)
注:such+n.之后绝不可用like加以修饰
the same...as... VS the same...that...
the same...as... 和...相同的...(两个人或物)
the same...that... 就是同一个...(一个人或物)
as单独使用,可作关系代词=which,用以代替整个主句
要点:
as引导的从句可置于主句的前后,which引导的从句则只能置于主句之后
as+be+被动语态时,be动词可以省略
特殊用法:as usual,as follows
下列短语中,若置名词,只能置单数可数名词
so...that...(如此...以致...) 注:such...that...可置任何名词
as...as...(和...一样的...)
too...to...(太...而不...)
how...(多么地...) 注:what之后可接任何名词
以上短语与下列表数量的形容词连用时,可不必与单数可数名词连用
many(许多的)/ few(少量的)+复数名词
much (许多的)/ little(少量的)+不可数名词
but只用于no+n.之后,此时but=who/whom/which/(that)...not
There is no+名词+who/whom/which/(that)...not
=There is no+名词+but...
注:定语从句中有do,does,did等助动词时,要先去掉do,does,did,再依时态、人称将之后的动词还原