1. Stagnate: to stop developing or making progress 停滞；不发展；不进步 If something such as a business or society stagnates, it stops changing or progressing.
【派生词】stagnation Noun. E.g. a period of economic stagnation 经济停滞时期
2. hallmark: a feature or quality that is typical of sb/sth 特征；特点 The hallmark of something or someone is their most typical quality or feature.
E.g. Police said the explosion bore all the hallmarks of a terrorist attack. 警方称这次爆炸具有恐怖分子袭击的所有特征
3. in living memory: at a time, or during the time, that is remembered by people still alive 在仍活着的人们的记忆中；记忆犹新
E.g.the coldest winter in living memory 人们记忆中最寒冷的冬天
4. upheaval: a big change that causes a lot of confusion, worry and problems 剧变；激变；动乱；动荡 【synonyms】disruption . E.g. the latest upheavals in the education system 最近教育制度上的种种变更
5. eliminate: ~ sb (from sth) [常用被动态] to defeat a person or a team so that they no longer take part in a competition, etc. （比赛中/选举中）淘汰 【synonyms】knock out E.g. All the English teams were eliminated in the early stages of the competition. 所有英格兰队伍在比赛初期就被淘汰了
6. ballot： the system of voting in writing and usually in secret; an occasion on which a vote is held （无记名）投票选举；投票表决 E.g.The chairperson is chosen by secret ballot. 主席是通过无记名投票选举产生的
7. insurgent: noun. a person fighting against the government or armed forces of their own country 起义者；叛乱者；造反者 【synonyms】rebel
Adj: 叛乱的【synonyms】rebellious
8. charismatic: adj. ** having charisma 有超凡魅力的；有号召力（或感召力）的 E.g. a charismatic leader 魅力超凡的领袖
** believing in special gifts from God; worshipping in a very enthusiastic way 蒙受神恩的；有特恩的；虔诚崇拜的 The charismatic church is the part of the Christian Church that believes that people can obtain special gifts from God, for example the power to heal sick people.
9. upstart: a person who has just started in a new position or job but who behaves as if they are more important than other people, in a way that is annoying 自命不凡的新上任者；狂妄自大的新手
10. realignment: （公司、经济或体系的）重组 If a company, economy, or system goes through a realignment, it is organized or arranged in a new way. E.g. a realignment of the existing political structure 现存政治结构的重组
11. reverberations : the effects of sth that happens, especially unpleasant ones that spread among a large number of people 影响；（尤指）广泛的消极影响 【synonyms】repercussion
12. revitalise: give new life or vigor to 使恢复元气，使具有新的活力 E.g. The other way for the US to revitalise manufacturing is to promote foreign direct investment 美国振兴制造业的另一个方法是促进外国直接投资
13.wreck: to spoil sth completely 毁灭；毁掉 E.g. The weather wrecked all our plans 天气把我们的计划全都毁了
14 Les misérables[French]=wretched (English) :
**making you feel sympathy or pity 可怜的；悲惨的
**used to show that you think that sb/sth is extremely annoying （表示憎恶）该死的，无法容忍的
15. fury : a state of being extremely angry about sth 狂怒；暴怒 [synonyms] rage E.g.He flew into a fury when I refused 我拒绝，他就勃然大怒。
16. standard-bearer : (具有共同目标或利益的一群人的)领袖，旗手，代表 If you describe someone as the standard bearer of a group, you mean that they act as the leader or public representative of a group of people who have the same aims or interests.
E.g. Farrakhan was a poor standard-bearer for the causes of African-Americans. 法拉坎算不上是美国黑人运动的一位模范领袖。
17. ...revealed that he was being formally investigated for paying his wife and children nearly €1m ($1.05m) of public money for allegedly fake jobs.
Allege : verb . to state sth as a fact but without giving proof （未提出证据）断言，指称，声称
[派生词] allegedly : adv 据说. E.g. crimes allegedly committed during the war 据说是战争期间所犯的罪行
18. anguish : formal) severe pain, mental suffering or unhappiness 剧痛；极度痛苦；苦恼
E.g. He groaned in anguish . 他痛苦地呻吟。
[派生词]anguished adj. anguished cries 痛苦不堪的，悲痛欲绝的
19. poll： the process of questioning people who are representative of a larger group in order to get information about the general opinion 民意测验；民意调查 [synonyms] survey
E.g. to carry out/conduct a poll 进行民意测验
20. grumbling: noun. the act of complaining about sth 咕哝；嘟囔；发牢骚 E.g. We didn't hear any grumbling about the food 我们没听到过对食物的抱怨
grumblings [复数] protests about sth that come from a number of people but that are not expressed very clearly （集体的）隐隐的不满
21. gloom : a feeling of being sad and without hope 忧郁；愁闷；无望 [synonyms] depression.
E.g.The gloom deepened as the election results came in. 选举结果陆续传来，失败的情绪越来越重
22.sluggish : adj. moving, reacting or working more slowly than normal and in a way that seems lazy 缓慢的；迟缓的；懒洋洋的 E.g. a sluggish economy 经济停滞
[派生词] sluggishly adv. sluggishness noun
23. its vast state, which absorbs 57% of GDP, has sapped the country’s vitality.
sap : ~ sth | ~ sb (of sth) to make sth/sb weaker; to destroy sth gradually 使虚弱；削弱；逐渐破坏 E.g. Years of failure have sapped him of his confidence 连年失败使他逐渐丧失了自信。
vitality: energy and enthusiasm 生命力；活力；热情 [synonyms] vigour. E.g. She is bursting with vitality and new ideas 她朝气蓬勃，满脑子新主意。
24. But the malaise goes well beyond stagnant living standards.
malaise: the problems affecting a particular situation or group of people that are difficult to explain or identify （广泛存在的）难以捉摸的问题，无法描述的问题 E.g.economic/financial/social malaise 揣摩不透的经济 / 金融 / 社会问题
stagnant: not developing, growing or changing 停滞的；不发展的；无变化的 [synonyms] static
e.g. a stagnant economy 停滞的经济
25. Repeated terrorist attacks have jangled nerves, forced citizens to live under a state of emergency and exposed deep cultural rifts in the country with Europe’s largest Muslim community.
jangled nerves. 心烦意乱.
jangle : if your nerves jangle , or if sb/sth jangles them, you feel anxious or upset 刺激，烦扰（神经）；（使）烦躁不安 . e.g.She was suddenly wide awake, her nerves jangling. 她突然间清醒过来，神经焦躁不安
rift: a serious disagreement between people that stops their relationship from continuing 分裂；分歧；严重不和 e.g. The rift within the party deepened. 党内的分歧加深了
26. get to grips: to begin to understand and deal with sth difficult 认真对待处理
E.g. The government's first task is to get to grips with the economy 政府的首要任务是处理好经济问题
27. overhaul: an examination of a machine or system, including doing repairs on it or making changes to it 检修；大修；改造 e.g. A radical overhaul of the tax system is necessary. 有必要彻底改革税制。
28. strike : noun. a period of time when an organized group of employees of a company stops working because of a disagreement over pay or conditions 罢工；罢课；罢市 e.g. Air traffic controllers are threatening to come out on/go on strike 空中交通管制员威胁要举行罢工
29. fell : to make sb fall to the ground 击倒，打倒
30. disastrous: very bad, harmful or unsuccessful 极糟糕的；灾难性的；完全失败的 e.g. Lowering interest rates could have disastrous consequences for the economy. 降低利率可能给经济带来灾难性后果
31. stasis: noun. a situation in which there is no change or development 停滞；静止 E.g. Rock'n'roll had entered a period of stasis 摇滚乐已经进入了一个停滞期
32. throw the bums out ?
33. Both Mr Macron and Ms Le Pen tap into that frustration. But they offer radically different diagnoses of what ails France and radically different remedies.
tap into : 利用，开发
diagnosis: (pl. diagnoses |-si:z|) ~ (of sth) the act of discovering or identifying the exact cause of an illness or a problem 诊断；（问题原因的）判断 E.g. An accurate diagnosis was made after a series of tests. 准确的诊断是在一系列的检查后作出的
remedy: a way of dealing with or improving an unpleasant or difficult situation 处理方法；改进措施；补偿 [synonyms] solution. E.g. There is no simple remedy for unemployment. 失业问题没有简单的解决办法
ail: to cause problems for sb/sth 困扰；干扰；使麻烦 E.g.They discussed the problems ailing the steel industry 他们讨论了困扰钢铁工业的问题
34. welfare: practical or financial help that is provided, often by the government, for people or animals that need it （政府给予的）福利 E.g. a social welfare programme 社会福利计划
35.anti-semitic: 反对犹太人的；歧视犹太人的 Someone or something that is anti-Semitic is hostile to or prejudiced against Jewish people. e.g.His anti-Semitic beliefs were well-known in America 他的反犹信仰在美国很出名。
36. shut out: to prevent sb/sth from entering a place 使…不能进入；挡住；遮住 e.g.They refused to allow Republicans to offer amendments, effectively shutting them out of the process. 他们拒不允许共和党人提出修正案，实际上是将他们排除在了进程之外。
37.decry : ~ sb/sth (as sth) (formal) to strongly criticize sb/sth, especially publicly （公开）谴责；（强烈）批评 [synonyms] condemn E.g.The measures were decried as useless
38.perilous: adj. very dangerous 危险的；艰险的 [synonyms] hazardous . E.g.The road grew even steeper and more perilous. 道路变得越来越陡峭，越来越凶险。
39.vow: to make a formal and serious promise to do sth or a formal statement that is true 起誓；立誓；发誓. e.g. She vowed never to speak to him again. 她发誓再也不和他说话了
40. mosque: a building in which Muslims worship 清真寺
41. She vows to close radical mosques, stanch the flow of immigrants to a trickle, obstruct foreign trade, swap the euro for a resurrected French franc and call a referendum on leaving the EU. 她发誓要关闭激进清真寺、停止移民流入，阻碍对外贸易，将欧元换回法国法郎的复兴，呼吁退出欧盟公投。
42.cumbersome： long or complicated 冗长的；累赘的；复杂的
E.g. cumbersome legal procedures 繁琐的法律程序
43. manifesto: a written statement in which a group of people, especially a political party, explain their beliefs and say what they will do if they win an election 宣言 E.g. the party manifesto 政党宣言
44. make a hither to extremist party socially acceptable 使成为一个社会所允许的极端主义政党
45. His liberalising programme will probably be less bold than that of the beleaguered MrFillon, who has promised to trim the state pay roll by 500,000 workers and slash the labour code.
beleaguered: experiencing a lot of criticism and difficulties 饱受批评的；处于困境的.E.g.The beleaguered party leader was forced to resign. 那位饱受指责的政党领导人被迫辞职。
trim : to make sth neater, smaller, better, etc., by cutting parts from it 修剪；修整 E.g. The training budget had been trimmed by £10 000.培训预算削减了1万英镑。
slash: to reduce sth by a large amount 大幅度削减；大大降低 E.g. to slash costs/prices/fares, etc. 大幅度降低成本、价格、车费等
46. Nonetheless: despite this fact 尽管如此 [synonyms] nevertheless E.g. The book is too long but, nonetheless, informative and entertaining. 这本书篇幅太长，但是很有知识性和趣味性
47.hefty loan: 巨额贷款.
hefty : large; larger than usual or expected 很大的；超出一般的；可观的 E.g. They sold it easily and made a hefty profit
