在 iOS objc_msgSend 流程 中我们讲到了, objc_msgSend
首先通过汇编快速查找方法缓存,如果找到,调用 TailCallCachedImp
直接将方法缓存起来然后进行调用就OK了,如果查找不到就跳到 CheckMiss
,然后走慢速查找流程。接下来我们一起分析一下 objc_msgSend
慢速查找流程。
objc_msgSend
查找流程:
- 获取传入对象所属的类。
- 获取该类的方法缓存表。
- 使用传入的选择子在缓存中查询。
- 如果缓存中不存在,则开始慢速查找流程。
- 跳转至
IMP
映射位置的方法。
在 iOS objc_msgSend 流程 中我们分析过了,先通过 GetClassFromIsa_p16
获取到传入对象所属的类,然后通过 CacheLookup
在方法缓存表中查找,如果缓存命中走 CacheHit
方法,缓存没命中走 CheckMiss
方法。
一、CheckMiss 方法
.macro CheckMiss
// miss if bucket->sel == 0
.if $0 == GETIMP
cbz p9, LGetImpMiss
.elseif $0 == NORMAL //传进来的是NORMAL,所以走这里
cbz p9, __objc_msgSend_uncached
.elseif $0 == LOOKUP
cbz p9, __objc_msgLookup_uncached
.else
.abort oops
.endif
.endmacro
传进来的是NORMAL,所以会走到 __objc_msgSend_uncached 方法
二、__objc_msgSend_uncached 方法
STATIC_ENTRY __objc_msgSend_uncached
UNWIND __objc_msgSend_uncached, FrameWithNoSaves
// THIS IS NOT A CALLABLE C FUNCTION
// Out-of-band p16 is the class to search
MethodTableLookup
TailCallFunctionPointer x17
END_ENTRY __objc_msgSend_uncached
紧接着又会来到 MethodTableLookup 方法
三、MethodTableLookup 方法
.macro MethodTableLookup
// push frame
SignLR
stp fp, lr, [sp, #-16]!
mov fp, sp
// save parameter registers: x0..x8, q0..q7
sub sp, sp, #(10*8 + 8*16)
stp q0, q1, [sp, #(0*16)]
stp q2, q3, [sp, #(2*16)]
stp q4, q5, [sp, #(4*16)]
stp q6, q7, [sp, #(6*16)]
stp x0, x1, [sp, #(8*16+0*8)]
stp x2, x3, [sp, #(8*16+2*8)]
stp x4, x5, [sp, #(8*16+4*8)]
stp x6, x7, [sp, #(8*16+6*8)]
str x8, [sp, #(8*16+8*8)]
// lookUpImpOrForward(obj, sel, cls, LOOKUP_INITIALIZE | LOOKUP_RESOLVER)
// receiver and selector already in x0 and x1
mov x2, x16
mov x3, #3
bl _lookUpImpOrForward
// IMP in x0
mov x17, x0
// restore registers and return
ldp q0, q1, [sp, #(0*16)]
ldp q2, q3, [sp, #(2*16)]
ldp q4, q5, [sp, #(4*16)]
ldp q6, q7, [sp, #(6*16)]
ldp x0, x1, [sp, #(8*16+0*8)]
ldp x2, x3, [sp, #(8*16+2*8)]
ldp x4, x5, [sp, #(8*16+4*8)]
ldp x6, x7, [sp, #(8*16+6*8)]
ldr x8, [sp, #(8*16+8*8)]
mov sp, fp
ldp fp, lr, [sp], #16
AuthenticateLR
.endmacro
接着又会来到 lookUpImpOrForward 方法
四、lookUpImpOrForward 方法
IMP lookUpImpOrForward(id inst, SEL sel, Class cls, int behavior)
{
const IMP forward_imp = (IMP)_objc_msgForward_impcache;
IMP imp = nil;
Class curClass;
runtimeLock.assertUnlocked();
// Optimistic cache lookup
if (fastpath(behavior & LOOKUP_CACHE)) {
imp = cache_getImp(cls, sel);
if (imp) goto done_nolock;
}
runtimeLock.lock();
// TODO: this check is quite costly during process startup.
checkIsKnownClass(cls);
if (slowpath(!cls->isRealized())) {
cls = realizeClassMaybeSwiftAndLeaveLocked(cls, runtimeLock);
// runtimeLock may have been dropped but is now locked again
}
if (slowpath((behavior & LOOKUP_INITIALIZE) && !cls->isInitialized())) {
cls = initializeAndLeaveLocked(cls, inst, runtimeLock);
}
runtimeLock.assertLocked();
curClass = cls;
for (unsigned attempts = unreasonableClassCount();;) {
// curClass method list.
Method meth = getMethodNoSuper_nolock(curClass, sel);
if (meth) {
imp = meth->imp;
goto done;
}
if (slowpath((curClass = curClass->superclass) == nil)) {
imp = forward_imp;
break;
}
// Halt if there is a cycle in the superclass chain.
if (slowpath(--attempts == 0)) {
_objc_fatal("Memory corruption in class list.");
}
// Superclass cache.
imp = cache_getImp(curClass, sel); // 有问题???? cache_getImp - lookup - lookUpImpOrForward
if (slowpath(imp == forward_imp)) {
break;
}
if (fastpath(imp)) {
goto done;
}
}
if (slowpath(behavior & LOOKUP_RESOLVER)) {
behavior ^= LOOKUP_RESOLVER;
return resolveMethod_locked(inst, sel, cls, behavior);
}
done:
log_and_fill_cache(cls, imp, sel, inst, curClass);
runtimeLock.unlock();
done_nolock:
if (slowpath((behavior & LOOKUP_NIL) && imp == forward_imp)) {
return nil;
}
return imp;
}
4.1 判断缓存是否存在,存在则直接通过cls和sel直接获取imp,并返回。
if (fastpath(behavior & LOOKUP_CACHE)) {
imp = cache_getImp(cls, sel);
if (imp) goto done_nolock;
}
4.2 相关类信息判断
- 根据所有已知类的列表检查给定的类,有问题直接内部抛出异常。
- 判断类是否已经被实现,未实现则去实现,这部分后面类的加载章节会详细分析,主要是按照
superclass
和isa
走向去递归实现父类和元类,同时准备好对象方法和类方法的查找链。 - 判断类是否被初始化,未初始化则去初始化。
checkIsKnownClass(cls);
if (slowpath(!cls->isRealized())) {
cls = realizeClassMaybeSwiftAndLeaveLocked(cls, runtimeLock);
}
if (slowpath((behavior & LOOKUP_INITIALIZE) && !cls->isInitialized())) {
cls = initializeAndLeaveLocked(cls, inst, runtimeLock);
}
4.3 查找本类的方法列表
4.3.1 利用 getMethodNoSuper_nolock
查找本类的方法列表,如果找到了,进入 goto done;
for (unsigned attempts = unreasonableClassCount();;) {
// curClass method list.
Method meth = getMethodNoSuper_nolock(curClass, sel);
if (meth) {
imp = meth->imp;
goto done;
}
}
4.3.2 getMethodNoSuper_nolock 方法
调用 search_method_list_inline 方法
对本类方法列表进行查找
static method_t *
getMethodNoSuper_nolock(Class cls, SEL sel)
{
runtimeLock.assertLocked();
ASSERT(cls->isRealized());
// fixme nil cls?
// fixme nil sel?
auto const methods = cls->data()->methods();
for (auto mlists = methods.beginLists(),
end = methods.endLists();
mlists != end;
++mlists)
{
// <rdar://problem/46904873> getMethodNoSuper_nolock is the hottest
// caller of search_method_list, inlining it turns
// getMethodNoSuper_nolock into a frame-less function and eliminates
// any store from this codepath.
method_t *m = search_method_list_inline(*mlists, sel);
if (m) return m;
}
return nil;
}
4.3.3 search_method_list_inline 方法
调用 findMethodInSortedMethodList 方法
对本类方法列表进行二分查找
search_method_list_inline(const method_list_t *mlist, SEL sel)
{
int methodListIsFixedUp = mlist->isFixedUp();
int methodListHasExpectedSize = mlist->entsize() == sizeof(method_t);
if (fastpath(methodListIsFixedUp && methodListHasExpectedSize)) {
return findMethodInSortedMethodList(sel, mlist);
} else {
// Linear search of unsorted method list
for (auto& meth : *mlist) {
if (meth.name == sel) return &meth;
}
}
#if DEBUG
// sanity-check negative results
if (mlist->isFixedUp()) {
for (auto& meth : *mlist) {
if (meth.name == sel) {
_objc_fatal("linear search worked when binary search did not");
}
}
}
#endif
return nil;
}
4.3.4 findMethodInSortedMethodList 方法
对本类方法列表进行二分查找
findMethodInSortedMethodList(SEL key, const method_list_t *list)
{
ASSERT(list);
const method_t * const first = &list->first;
const method_t *base = first;
const method_t *probe;
uintptr_t keyValue = (uintptr_t)key;
uint32_t count;
for (count = list->count; count != 0; count >>= 1) {
probe = base + (count >> 1);
uintptr_t probeValue = (uintptr_t)probe->name;
if (keyValue == probeValue) {
// `probe` is a match.
// Rewind looking for the *first* occurrence of this value.
// This is required for correct category overrides.
while (probe > first && keyValue == (uintptr_t)probe[-1].name) {
probe--;
}
return (method_t *)probe;
}
if (keyValue > probeValue) {
base = probe + 1;
count--;
}
}
return nil;
}
4.4 done 方法
- 如果找到了,进入本方法,调用
log_and_fill_cache 方法
done:
log_and_fill_cache(cls, imp, sel, inst, curClass);
runtimeLock.unlock();
4.5 log_and_fill_cache 方法
- 利用
cache_fill 方法
写入到缓存里面,为了下次直接从缓存里面快速查找到。
static void
log_and_fill_cache(Class cls, IMP imp, SEL sel, id receiver, Class implementer)
{
#if SUPPORT_MESSAGE_LOGGING
if (slowpath(objcMsgLogEnabled && implementer)) {
bool cacheIt = logMessageSend(implementer->isMetaClass(),
cls->nameForLogging(),
implementer->nameForLogging(),
sel);
if (!cacheIt) return;
}
#endif
// objc_msgSend -> 二分查找自己 -> cache_fill -> objc_msgSend
//
cache_fill(cls, sel, imp, receiver);
}
4.6 递归查找父类的缓存
4.6.1 查找本类的方法列表 如果找不到,就递归查找父类的缓存
- 调用
cache_getImp 方法
找到父类
// Superclass cache.
imp = cache_getImp(curClass, sel); // 有问题???? cache_getImp - lookUpImpOrForward
cache_getImp 方法
STATIC_ENTRY _cache_getImp
GetClassFromIsa_p16 p0
CacheLookup GETIMP, _cache_getImp
LGetImpMiss:
mov p0, #0
ret
END_ENTRY _cache_getImp
4.7 递归父类缓存查找不到,利用 imp = forward_imp
if (slowpath((curClass = curClass->superclass) == nil)) {
// No implementation found, and method resolver didn't help.
// Use forwarding.
imp = forward_imp;
break;
}
if (slowpath(imp == forward_imp)) {
// Found a forward:: entry in a superclass.
// Stop searching, but don't cache yet; call method
// resolver for this class first.
break;
}
4.7.1 forward_imp
const IMP forward_imp = (IMP)_objc_msgForward_impcache;
4.7.2 _objc_msgForward_impcache
-
_objc_msgForward_impcache 方法
调用__objc_msgForward 方法
-
__objc_msgForward 方法
调用TailCallFunctionPointer x17
STATIC_ENTRY __objc_msgForward_impcache
// No stret specialization.
b __objc_msgForward
END_ENTRY __objc_msgForward_impcache
ENTRY __objc_msgForward
adrp x17, __objc_forward_handler@PAGE
ldr p17, [x17, __objc_forward_handler@PAGEOFF]
TailCallFunctionPointer x17
END_ENTRY __objc_msgForward
4.7.3 TailCallFunctionPointer 方法
TailCallFunctionPointer 方法
就是返回指针的值,返回 x17
的值,x17
的值是 __objc_forward_handler 方法
确定的
.macro TailCallFunctionPointer
// $0 = function pointer value
braaz $0
.endmacro
4.7.4 __objc_forward_handler 方法
objc_defaultForwardHandler(id self, SEL sel)
{
_objc_fatal("%c[%s %s]: unrecognized selector sent to instance %p "
"(no message forward handler is installed)",
class_isMetaClass(object_getClass(self)) ? '+' : '-',
object_getClassName(self), sel_getName(sel), self);
}
void *_objc_forward_handler = (void*)objc_defaultForwardHandler;
如果方法没有实现,imp
会置换成 forward_imp
, forward_imp
最终会走到 __objc_forward_handler 方法
返回 unrecognized selector sent to instance ...
信息,我们查看一下方法没有实现的报错信息会发现,报错信息的模板原来在这。
Terminating app due to uncaught exception 'NSInvalidArgumentException', reason: '-[LGPerson say666]: unrecognized selector sent to instance 0x1007738f0'
4.8 动态方法决议
在4.7中将 imp
置换成 forward_imp
后,会 break
跳出循环,走到动态方法决议这里:
if (slowpath(behavior & LOOKUP_RESOLVER)) {
behavior ^= LOOKUP_RESOLVER;
return resolveMethod_locked(inst, sel, cls, behavior);
}
4.8.1 resolveMethod_locked 方法
resolveMethod_locked(id inst, SEL sel, Class cls, int behavior)
{
runtimeLock.assertLocked();
ASSERT(cls->isRealized());
// 方法没有你怎么不知道
// 报错
// 给你一次机会
runtimeLock.unlock();
if (! cls->isMetaClass()) {
// try [cls resolveInstanceMethod:sel]
resolveInstanceMethod(inst, sel, cls);
}
else {
// try [nonMetaClass resolveClassMethod:sel]
// and [cls resolveInstanceMethod:sel]
resolveClassMethod(inst, sel, cls);
if (!lookUpImpOrNil(inst, sel, cls)) {
resolveInstanceMethod(inst, sel, cls);
}
}
// chances are that calling the resolver have populated the cache
// so attempt using it
return lookUpImpOrForward(inst, sel, cls, behavior | LOOKUP_CACHE);
}
4.8.2 resolveInstanceMethod 方法`
- 我们发现在
resolveInstanceMethod 方法
中将IMP imp = lookUpImpOrNil(inst, sel, cls);
,所以我们跳进lookUpImpOrNil 方法
看一下会发现又回到了lookUpImpOrForward 方法
,那对之前做了什么产生了好奇。 - 往上走我们发现有下面两行代码
-
BOOL (*msg)(Class, SEL, SEL) = (typeof(msg))objc_msgSend;
bool resolved = msg(cls, resolve_sel, sel);
- 如果我们实现
resolveInstanceMethod 方法
将方法的imp
进行赋值,然后再回到lookUpImpOrForward 方法
之后imp
有值,就不会报错了。
static void resolveInstanceMethod(id inst, SEL sel, Class cls)
{
runtimeLock.assertUnlocked();
ASSERT(cls->isRealized());
SEL resolve_sel = @selector(resolveInstanceMethod:);
if (!lookUpImpOrNil(cls, resolve_sel, cls->ISA())) {
// Resolver not implemented.
return;
}
BOOL (*msg)(Class, SEL, SEL) = (typeof(msg))objc_msgSend;
bool resolved = msg(cls, resolve_sel, sel);
// Cache the result (good or bad) so the resolver doesn't fire next time.
// +resolveInstanceMethod adds to self a.k.a. cls
IMP imp = lookUpImpOrNil(inst, sel, cls);
if (resolved && PrintResolving) {
if (imp) {
_objc_inform("RESOLVE: method %c[%s %s] "
"dynamically resolved to %p",
cls->isMetaClass() ? '+' : '-',
cls->nameForLogging(), sel_getName(sel), imp);
}
else {
// Method resolver didn't add anything?
_objc_inform("RESOLVE: +[%s resolveInstanceMethod:%s] returned YES"
", but no new implementation of %c[%s %s] was found",
cls->nameForLogging(), sel_getName(sel),
cls->isMetaClass() ? '+' : '-',
cls->nameForLogging(), sel_getName(sel));
}
}
}
lookUpImpOrNil(id obj, SEL sel, Class cls, int behavior = 0)
{
return lookUpImpOrForward(obj, sel, cls, behavior | LOOKUP_CACHE | LOOKUP_NIL);
}
4.8.3 动态方法决议实现
#import "LGPerson.h"
#import <objc/message.h>
@implementation LGPerson
- (void)sayMaster{
NSLog(@"%s",__func__);
}
+ (BOOL)resolveInstanceMethod:(SEL)sel{
if (sel == @selector(say666)) {
NSLog(@"%@ 来了",NSStringFromSelector(sel));
IMP imp = class_getMethodImplementation(self, @selector(sayMaster));
Method sayMMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(self, @selector(sayMaster));
const char *type = method_getTypeEncoding(sayMMethod);
return class_addMethod(self, sel, imp, type);
}
return [super resolveInstanceMethod:sel];
}
2020-09-22 23:32:48.798620+0800 KCObjc[29296:555622] say666 来了
2020-09-22 23:32:48.799018+0800 KCObjc[29296:555622] -[LGPerson sayMaster]
5. 总结
- 当在
objc_msgSend
缓存中没有找到方法,就会来到CheckMiss
->__objc_msgSend_uncached
->MethodTableLookup
->lookUpImpOrForward
进行慢速查找流程。 - 在
lookUpImpOrForward
里面会先去本类当中查找方法getMethodNoSuper_nolock
,本类没有找到就会去递归的去父类当中查找。 - 如果本类和父类都没有找到,就会进行动态方法决议
_class_resolveMethod
,这是苹果爸爸给我们的最后一次机会。 - 动态方法我们还不处理,最后就会走到 将
imp
置换成forward_imp
,
最终到_objc_forward_handler 方法
崩溃报错unrecognized selector sent to instance ...
。