Spring——编程式事务管理

开发工具及软件
IntelliJ IDEA 2017 + Maven + Spring + MySQL

Spring编程式事务管理需要手动编写代码来进行事务管理
这里用一个简单转账Demo来举例

1.配置文件

pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>spring_transaction</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring_transaction</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>spring_transaction Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  <dependencies>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/junit/junit -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.12</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
      <version>4.3.10.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-core -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
      <version>4.3.10.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-beans -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
      <version>4.3.10.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-web -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
      <version>4.3.10.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-tx -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
      <version>4.3.10.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-jdbc -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
      <version>4.3.10.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-expression -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
      <version>4.3.10.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-aspects -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
      <version>4.3.10.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/mysql/mysql-connector-java -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>mysql</groupId>
      <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
      <version>5.1.38</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-logging/commons-logging -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
      <version>1.1.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/log4j/log4j -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>log4j</groupId>
      <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
      <version>1.2.17</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.mchange/c3p0 -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
      <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
      <version>0.9.5.2</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.aspectj/aspectjweaver -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
      <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
      <version>1.8.10</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-test -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
      <version>4.3.10.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/aopalliance/aopalliance -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>aopalliance</groupId>
      <artifactId>aopalliance</artifactId>
      <version>1.0</version>
    </dependency>


  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <finalName>spring_transaction</finalName>
  </build>
</project>

log4j.properties

# Configure logging for testing: optionally with log file
log4j.rootLogger=WARN, stdout
# log4j.rootLogger=WARN, stdout, logfile

log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - %m%n

log4j.appender.logfile=org.apache.log4j.FileAppender
log4j.appender.logfile.File=target/spring.log
log4j.appender.logfile.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.logfile.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - %m%n

mysql.properties

jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/pay?characterEncoding=utf-8
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=root

pay.sql

CREATE TABLE `account` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
  `money` double DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=4 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
INSERT INTO `account` VALUES ('1', 'aaa', '1000');
INSERT INTO `account` VALUES ('2', 'bbb', '1000');
INSERT INTO `account` VALUES ('3', 'ccc', '1000');

2、接口设置

通常我们使用Spring是基于接口开发的，所以这里先创建一个Service接口和一个DAO层接口：

AccountService.java

package com.zbnfy.demo1.service;
/**
 * Created by zbnfy on 2017/10/7.
 * 转账案例的业务接口
 */
public interface AccountService {
    /**
     * @param out 转出账号
     * @param in  转入账号
     * @param money  转账金额
     */
    public void transfer(String out,String in,Double money);
}

AccountDao.java

package com.zbnfy .demo1.dao;

/**
 * Created by zbnfy on 2017/10/7.
 */
public interface AccountDao {
    /**
     * @param out 转出账号
     * @param money  转出金额
     */
    public void outMonry(String out,Double money);

    /**
     * @param in  转入账号
     * @param money  转入金额
     */
    public void inMoney(String in,Double money);  
}

3.实现类

AccountServiceImpl.java

package com.zbnfy.demo1.service;

import com.zbnfy.demo1.dao.AccountDao;
import org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionTemplate;

/**
 * Created by zbnfy on 2017/10/7.
 * 转账案例的实现类
 */
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {

    private AccountDao accountDao;

    public void setAccountDao(AccountDao accountDao) {
        this.accountDao = accountDao;
    }


    //注入事务管理的模板
    private TransactionTemplate transactionTemplate;

    public void setTransactionTemplate(TransactionTemplate transactionTemplate) {
        this.transactionTemplate = transactionTemplate;
    }

    /**
     * @param out 转出账号
     * @param in  转入账号
     * @param money  转账金额
     */
    public void transfer(final String out,final String in,final Double money) {
        accountDao.outMonry(out,money);
        accountDao.inMoney(in,money);
    }
}

AccountDaoImpl.java

package com.zbnfy.demo1.dao;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcDaoSupport;

/**
 * Created by zbnfy on 2017/10/7.
 */
public class AccountDaoImpl extends JdbcDaoSupport implements AccountDao{
    /**
     * @param out 转出账号
     * @param money  转出金额
     */
    public void outMonry(String out, Double money) {
        String sql = "update account set money = money - ? where name = ?";
        this.getJdbcTemplate().update(sql,money,out);
    }

    /**
     * @param in  转入账号
     * @param money  转入金额
     */
    public void inMoney(String in, Double money) {
        String sql = "update account set money = money + ? where name = ?";
        this.getJdbcTemplate().update(sql,money,in);
    }
}

4.测试类

package com.zbnfy.demo1.service;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

/**
 * Created by zbnfy on 2017/10/7.
 * Spring编程式测试类
 */

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)  //JUnit4测试
@ContextConfiguration("classpath:spring-context.xml")  //Spring配置文件
public class SpringDemo1 {
    //测试业务层
    @Resource(name = "accountService")
    private AccountService accountService;

    @Test
    public void demo1() {
        accountService.transfer("aaa","bbb",200d);
    }
}

5.Spring配置

spring-context.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">

    <!--引入外部的数据库连接文件-->
    <context:property-placeholder location="mysql.properties"/>

    <!-- 数据库连接池 -->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource" destroy-method="close">
        <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}" />
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}" />
        <property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}" />
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />
    </bean>

    <!--配置业务层-->
    <bean id="accountService" class="com.zbnfy.demo1.service.AccountServiceImpl">
        <property name="accountDao" ref="accountDao"/>  //业务层控制DAO层
        <!--注入事务管理的模板-->
        <property name="transactionTemplate" ref="transactionTemplate"/>
    </bean>

    <!--配置DAO层-->
    <bean id="accountDao" class="com.zbnfy.demo1.dao.AccountDaoImpl">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>  //控制数据库连接池
    </bean>

    <!--配置事务管理器-->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>   //控制数据库连接池
    </bean>

    <!--配置事务管理的模板：Spring为了简化事务管理的代码而提供的类-->
    <bean id="transactionTemplate" class="org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionTemplate">
        <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager"/>  //事务模板类控制事务管理器
    </bean>

</beans>

6.总结

编程式事务管理方法允许在源代码编程的方式下管理事务。基于TransactionTemplate编程，虽然带来了极大地灵活性，但是难以维护。所以实际开发中一般不用这种方式。

参考资料：
慕课网http://www.imooc.com/video/9331

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