概要：
1.原文的目录
2.作者写这篇文章的背景
3.读书时记笔记的三步曲
一. 原文的目录
Before you get started: Filter the book by reading the preface, index, table of contents, and inside jacket. This tells you where the author is going to take you and, importantly, the vocabulary they will use.
在你开始阅读前，通过阅读书的前言，索引，目录以及腰封，筛选书籍。这种方法能让你知道作者的写作目的，更重要的是，作者将使用的语言。
There are three steps to effectively taking notes while reading:
阅读时高效地记笔记，有以下三步：
1.At the end of each chapter write a few bullet points that summarize what you’ve read and make it personal if you can — that is, apply it to something in your life. Also note any unanswered questions. When you’re done the book, put it down for a week.
每读完一章，用自己的语言写下章节的关键点，来总结你读过的内容。这些关键点也是要应用到生活中的。当你读完一本书，把它放上一周。
2.Pick up the book again and go through all your notes. Most of these will be garbage but there will be lots you want to remember. Write the good stuff on the inside cover of the book along with a page number.
把书再拾起来，浏览你的笔记。大多数笔记都是垃圾，但也有你想记住的内容。将好的材料写到书封面的内面，并写下页码。
3.Copy out the excerpts by hand or take a picture of them to pop into Evernote. Tag accordingly.
手抄一些摘录，拍照上传到Evernote，并根据内容贴上相应的标签。
二. 作者写这篇文章的背景
Dear Shane,
Can you tell me how you take notes while reading?
您能告诉我如何在阅读时做笔记吗？
— Jeff
I’ve been asked this question a lot. Everyone wants to know how to read a book. Well, one of the best ways to better filter and connect ideas is to read with pen in hand so you can take notes while reading. This Marginalia — the tiny fragments that come into your head while reading — is a dying but important art that helps you remember what you read.
我经常被问到这个问题，每个人都想知道如何阅读一本书。在那么多好方法中，其中有一个更好的过滤以及联想观点的方法是阅读的时候手里拿着一支笔，以便于你记笔记。这种标注就是你在阅读时，大脑产生的想法。这种标注是一种趋于消失但很重要的艺术，可以帮助你记忆。
Like almost everything in life there is no magical answer that fits everyone. I can speak to the three-step process that works effectively for me on up to 150 books a year. However, you’re going to have to see if that works for you. While this sounds like a bit of trial and error (because it is), it’s the only way to create lasting habit changes, improve your recall, and be able to easily find that passage you’re looking for.
就像生活中的大多数事物一样，没有一个适合所有人的神奇答案。我只能说这种三步走的读书方法对我来说很有效，让我一年可以读150本书。然后，你只有实践了才知道适不适合你。虽然这听起来有点像试错（它就是），但它是唯一能让你创造持续的阅读习惯、改善你回忆、轻松发现原文内容的方法。
三. 读书时记笔记的三步曲
Taking Notes While Reading
阅读时记笔记
Step One.
步骤1
The first thing I do when I pick up a book is read the preface, the table of contents, and the inside jacket. Often, I’ll glance over the index too. This doesn’t take long and often saves me time, as a lot of books do not make it past this filter. Maybe it doesn’t contain the information I’m trying to gain. If it seems crappy, I’ll flip to a few random pages to verify.
我拿起一本书做的第一件事是，阅读书的前言、目录、腰封。我也会看看索引。这不需要花多少时间，还为我节约时间呢，因为大多数书过不了这样的筛选。它没有我需要的信息。如果经过这样的筛选后，书的内容很差，我随机看上几页来确认。
This filter is a form of systematic skimming. This isn’t my term, Mortimer Adler, a guy who literally wrote the the book on reading, came up with it. Adler says there are four levels of reading. I tend to blend inspectional reading and analytical reading together for most books.
这样的筛选是一种系统的筛选。这不是我发明的，是Mortimer Adler的，它写了关于阅读的书，在书里提出了这个方法。Adler说有四种层面的阅读。对于大多数书来说，我把检索性阅读和分析性阅读混合在一起了。
When I start reading the book, I have an idea what it’s about, the main argument, and some of the terminology involved. I know where the author is going to take me and the broad strokes of how they will bring me along.
当我开始阅读一本书的时候，由于有了筛选，对于作者的观点，一些术语以及书的主要内容，我有了初步的了解。我知道作者写作目的以及大概的了解他如何达到他的目的。
While reading, I take notes. I circle words I need to look up. I star points that I think are critical to the argument. I underline anything that strikes me as interesting. I comment like a mad man in the margins. I try to tease out assumptions, etc.
我一边读一边记笔记。圈出需要查的词。用星号标出我认为对于论证很关键的地方。在勾起我兴趣的内容下面划线标记。像疯子一样在页边写下评论。我努力理顺作者的假设。
Essentially, I’m trying to engage in a conversation with the author. Maybe my questions will be answered on the next page or in the next chapter. Maybe I’ll need to find another book to answer them. Who knows. But I write them down.
重要的是，我尝试参与到与作者的对话中。或许我的问题在下一页或者下一章就能找到对应的答案。或许我再另一本书里才能找到答案。谁知道呢。但我会把他们写下来。
At the end of each chapter I write a few bullet points that summarize what I’ve just read. When I’m done, I let the book age. I put the book on my desk and I won’t touch it for anywhere from a few days to a week.
在每章的最后，我会列个清单，用来总结我读过的内容。当我结束的时候，就暂时把书放一边了。一周内我是不会再碰它的。
Step two.
步骤2
When I pick the book up again, I re-read every scribble, underline, and comment I’ve made (assuming I can still read my writing).
当我再捧起书的时候，我会重新读一读我的手抄、划线的内容以及注释（如果我还能认出我的笔记的话。
I’m not the same person I was the first time I read the book, two things have changed: (1) I’ve read the entire book and (2) I’ve had a chance to sleep on what may have seemed earth-shattering at the time but now just seems meh.
同第一次读书时的我比，我已经不一样了。两件事变了：1.我已经读完了甄本书。2.经过消化后，当时很令我震惊的内容现在已经不足为奇了。
If something still strikes my interest, I write a note in the first few pages of the book, in my own words, on the topic. Often this is a summary but increasingly it’s ways to apply the knowledge. I index this to the page number in the book.
如果仍然有东西勾起我的兴趣。我会在书的前面几页，用自己的话写一写笔记。这样虽然是总结但是是在应用知识。我把这些总结和书里对应的页码联系起来。
Sometimes, and this depends on the book, I’ll create a sort of mental summary of the book’s main arguments and gaps. Sometimes I’ll cross-link points with other books.
但有些时候，这也视书而定，有时我会创造将书里的主要观点的总结记在脑子里。有时我也将它们和其他书联系在一起。
Step 3 (optional).
步骤3.（可选但非常有效）
Wait a few days. Then go through the book and copy out excerpts by hand and put them into your repository or common place book. I use these notes to connect and synthesize ideas as I read.
等几天。然后翻阅这本书，用手复制摘录，并把它们放在你的存储库或公共地方的书中。当我阅读的时候，我用这些笔记来连接和合成想法。
To aid recall connect the ideas to something you already have in your mind. Is it a continuation of the idea? Does it replace an idea? Is it the same idea in a difference discipline? I add these connections to my notes and percolate them in my mind. Often I turn out to be mistaken but that’s the process.
为了帮助回忆，把这些想法和你已经在脑子里的东西联系起来。这是这个想法的延续吗？它是否取代了一个想法？在不同的学科中，这是同一个想法吗？我将这些联系添加到我的笔记中，并将它们渗透到我的脑海中。我经常会弄错，但这是一个过程。
Most of the time, you get to see the ideas on Farnam Street. You can see how I connect and contextualize ideas, linking them across disciplines. I find writing about the ideas really helps me develop my understanding.
大多数时候，你可以在Farnam Street看到这些想法。你可以看到我是如何联系和关联思想的，并将它们跨学科联系起来。我发现关于这些想法的写作确实帮助我发展了我的理解。
Even if you don’t share your thoughts with millions of people you can do the same thing with Evernote, which is searchable, easy to use, and free. Personally, I do not use technology as a substitute for the non-technological approach mentioned above but rather as a complement.
即使你不和数以百万计的人分享你的想法，你也可以做同样的事情。埃弗诺特，它是可搜索的，易于使用，而且是免费的。就我个人而言，我不使用技术代替上述非技术方法，而是作为补充。
I rarely listen to books but if you are listening to a book, create a new note for that book and type in notes as you are listening. I know a few people that do not take notes as they are listening because they listen in the car on the way to work. They find that sitting down right away when they get to work and typing up notes is an effective way to improve recall although the notes are less accurate.
我很少听书，但是如果你在听一本书，为那本书创建一个新的笔记，在你听的时候输入笔记。我认识一些人，他们在听的时候不记笔记，因为他们在上班的路上在车里听。他们发现，当他们开始工作的时候，坐下来打字记笔记是提高记忆力的有效方法，尽管这些笔记不太准确。
