之前，知新共学翻译群里有译友说，希望我们能讲一讲关于公文翻译的方法。正好我们翻译团队里的小伙伴Linda（CATTI一级通过）长期在外事办工作，之前也服务过我们的政府客户，积累了丰富的公文翻译经验。
今天这篇分享就来自Linda。我们争取做成一个系列，从选词到组句，分享一些公文翻译时的方法与思路。希望对大家有帮助。
今天先聊聊政府公文中经常出现的一个高频词的翻译：“实践”。
该系列往期推文
最简单的、最常见的是理论+实践，这种情况下的“实践”就是针对“理论”theory而言的practice，比如：
十八大以来，国内外形势变化和我国各项事业发展都给我们提出了一个重大时代课题，这就是必须从理论和实践结合上系统回答新时代坚持和发展什么样的中国特色社会主义、怎样坚持和发展中国特色社会主义，
Since our 18th National Congress, changes both in and outside China, and the progress made in all areas of China’s endeavors, have presented us with a profound question—the question of an era. Our answer must be a systematic combination of theory and practice and must address what kind of socialism with Chinese characteristics the new era requires us to uphold and develop, and how we should go about doing it.
“实践”，也可以根据语境理解为“过往经验做法”、“实验”等，比如：
亚太经济体通过自身发展实践，对这一点有着深刻体会。
We the Asia-Pacific economies know this too well from our own development experience.
“有着深刻体会”说明这个“实践”已经付诸现实，因此可以理解为“过往经验做法”practice。
从亚欧大陆到非洲、美洲、大洋洲，共建“一带一路”为世界经济增长开辟了新空间，为国际贸易和投资搭建了新平台，为完善全球经济治理拓展了新实践。
From the Eurasian continent to Africa, the Americas and Oceania, Belt and Road cooperation has opened up new space for global economic growth, produced new platforms for international trade and investment and offered new ways for improving global economic governance.
这句话也是在陈述一个已经发生的事实，“实践”此处依然侧重“经验做法”的含义，故而处理成ways方式方法。
第三，这是增互鉴、促了解的有益实践。
Third, this Programme is a useful experiment that enhances mutual learning and mutual understanding.
这句话出自刘晓明大使在“中英数学教师交流项目”新年招待会上的讲话，在讲到这个交流项目的三大意义时，刘大使说这了这样一句话，此处的“实践”更侧重于“尝试实验”的意味，故处理成experiment。
还经常出现的是“实践”+其他名词，比如“实践探索”，此时的“实践”更多是表达一种动作，并没有具体含义，只是在告诉读者，我们这样去做了。因此在这种情况下，翻译的重点应放在其他名词上，比如：
长征途中，我们党通过艰苦卓绝的实践探索，成功把解决生存危机同拯救民族危亡联系在一起，把长征的大方向同建立抗日前进阵地联系在一起，实现了国内革命战争向抗日民族战争的转变，为夺取中国人民抗日战争胜利、进而夺取新民主主义革命胜利打下了坚实基础。
During the Long March, through its tireless searching, the CPC was able to link its own fight for survival with the fight to save the nation, and link the overall direction of the Long March with the establishment of a forward position against Japanese aggression. In doing so, it shifted from a revolutionary fight within China to a national war of resistance against Japanese aggression, thus laying down a solid foundation for the Chinese people’s victory in the war of resistance and in turn the victory of the New Democratic Revolution.
实践探索，重点在“探索”而非“实践”。
党的领导是人民当家作主和依法治国的根本保证，人民当家作主是社会主义民主政治的本质特征，依法治国是党领导人民治理国家的基本方式，三者统一于我国社会主义民主政治伟大实践。
Party leadership is the fundamental guarantee for ensuring that the people run the country and governance in China is law-based; that the people run the country is an essential feature of socialist democracy; and law-based governance is the basic way for the Party to lead the people in governing the country. These three elements are integral components of socialist democracy.
重点是“社会主义民主政治”而非“实践”。
有时候，需要把“实践”当做动作翻译，常见于“某个方针路线的实践”这样的搭配，比如：
深入开展党的群众路线教育实践活动、“三严三实”专题教育、“两学一做”学习教育。
We have taken extensive action in raising awareness of and putting into practice the Party's mass line, in the Three Stricts and Three Earnests campaign, and in the drive to see that Party members develop a good understanding of the Party Constitution, Party regulations, and General Secretary Xi Jinping's major policy addresses and live up to Party standards.
开展教育实践活动就是采取行动提高意识（“教育”）、执行路线（“实践”），“教育”和“实践”是两个同等重要的动作，因此处理成动词词组put into practice。
我们要继续全面准确贯彻“一国两制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方针，严格依照宪法和基本法办事，确保“一国两制”在香港、澳门实践不动摇、不走样、不变形。
We will continue to implement, both to the letter and in spirit, the principle of “one country, two systems,” under which the people of Hong Kong govern Hong Kong, the people of Macao govern Macao, and both regions enjoy a high degree of autonomy. We will continue to act in strict compliance with China’s Constitution and the basic laws of the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions; and we will ensure that the principle of “one country, two systems” is steadfastly applied in Hong Kong and Macao without being bent or distorted.
这里的“实践”宾语是“一国两制”，也处理成了动词apply。
本系列未完待续。
