Parted与Fdisk的用法与区别

fdisk

查看分区

[root@web ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000ccde8

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048      411647      204800   83  Linux
/dev/sda2          411648      415743        2048   82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3          415744    41943039    20763648   83  Linux

Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

添加分区

[root@web ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x78668cb4.
Command (m for help): p   #按"p"打印分区列表

Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x78668cb4

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System   #此磁盘尚未分区
Command (m for help): n                                       #按"n"新建一个分区
Partition type: 
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)                       #p表示主分区
   e   extended                               #e表示扩展分区
Select (default p): p           #按"p"键出现提示："Partition number (1-4): "选择主分区号
Partition number (1-4, default 1):                         #输入"1"表示第一个主分区
First sector (2048-2097151, default 2048): 2048  #分区从哪里开始
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-2097151, default 2097151): +250M                     #表示第一个分区容量250M
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 250 MiB is set

Command (m for help): p     #打印分区列表

Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x78668cb4

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048      514047      256000   83  Linux    #第一分区已完成
Command (m for help): n          #新建第二分区，剩余容量都分为第二分区
Partition type:
   p   primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (2-4, default 2): 
First sector (514048-2097151, default 514048): 
Using default value 514048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (514048-2097151, default 2097151): 
Using default value 2097151
Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 773 MiB is set

Command (m for help): w            #保存退出
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

查看分区情况

[root@web ~]# lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0   20G  0 disk 
├─sda1   8:1    0  200M  0 part /boot
├─sda2   8:2    0    2M  0 part [SWAP]
└─sda3   8:3    0 19.8G  0 part /
sdb      8:16   0    1G  0 disk 
├─sdb1   8:17   0  250M  0 part 
└─sdb2   8:18   0  773M  0 part 
sr0     11:0    1  4.3G  0 rom

在使用硬盘之前必须对其分区进行格式化

[root@web ~]#  mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1
meta-data=/dev/sdb1              isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=16000 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=64000, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=855, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

并挂载
mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/
查看

[root@web ~]# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3        20G  2.0G   18G  10% /
devtmpfs        476M     0  476M   0% /dev
tmpfs           487M     0  487M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           487M  7.7M  479M   2% /run
tmpfs           487M     0  487M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1       197M  105M   93M  54% /boot
tmpfs            98M     0   98M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1       247M   13M  234M   6% /mnt
/dev/sdb2       770M   33M  738M   5% /data

(未完待续)
删除和恢复分区
[root@system ~]# umount /dev/sdb1
[root@system ~]# parted /dev/sdb
GNU Parted 2.1
使用 www.fencaiyule.cn /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) rm 1
(parted) rescue #恢复分区
起始点？ 1
结束点？ 10G
信息: A ext2 primary partition was found at 1049kB -> 10.0GB. Do you want to add it
to the partition table?
是/Yes/否/No/放弃/Cancel? Yes
(parted) quit
信息: You may need to update /etc/fstab.