在Linux下,我们经常会使用grep对一些结果进行过过滤,下面简单介绍一个grep和正则表达式结合的用法。
源文件如下:
1 "Open Source" is a good mechanism to develop programs.$
2 apple is my favorite food.$
3 Football game is not use feet only.$
4 this dress doesn't fit me.$
5 However, this dress is about $ 3183 dollars.^M$
6 GNU is free air not free beer.^M$
7 Her hair is very beauty.^M$
8 I can't finish the test.^M$
9 Oh! The soup taste good.^M$
10 motorcycle is cheap than car.$
11 This window is clear.$
12 the symbol '*' is represented as start.$
13 Oh!^IMy god!$
14 The gd software is a library for drafting programs.^M$
15 You are the best is mean you are the no. 1.$
16 The world <Happy> is the same with "glad".$
17 I like dog.$
18 google is the best tools for search keyword.$
19 goooooogle yes!$
20 go! go! Let's go.$
21 # I am VBird$
22 $
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查找特定字符串
- 查找the这个特定字符串:grep -n 'the' regular_express.txt
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查找不包含the这个字符的行:grep -vn 'the' regular_express.txt
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忽略大小写查找包含the的行:grep -in 'the' regular_express.txt
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利用中括号[]来查找集合字符
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比如我想查找test或者taste这两个单词时,可以这么写:grep -n 't[ae]st' regular_express.txt (不论方括号里面有几个字符,它都只代表一个字符
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如果不想要oo前面有g的话,可以这么写:grep -n '[^g]oo' regular_express.txt ([^g]中的^表示反向选择,即表示oo前面不能是g)
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假如我oo前面不能有小写字符:grep -n '[^a-z]oo' regular_express.txt (a-z就表示小写字符,还有另外一种写法使用特殊字符[:lower:],这个也是表示小写字母-grep -n '[^[:lower:]]oo' regular_express.txt)
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行首和行尾字符^ 和 $
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查找到一行中行首为the的:grep -n '^the' regular_express.txt
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查找不以小写字符开头的:grep -n '[a-z]' regular_express.txt(这里需要注意^ 在[]的里面和外面是两个不同的概念,在[]里面表示反向选择,在[]外面表示定位在行首的意义)
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查找行尾是. d的: grep -n '.$' regular_express.txt, 这里有两个点需要注意第一是小数点.之前有一个转移符,这是因为.具有其他意义,因此需要使用转移符\来消除其特殊意义。第二点就是文件中的第5-9行并没有被打印出来。我们如果仔细看源文件的话或发现第5-9行的结尾是.^M$,这里涉及到一个Linux和windows的断行字符的问题,Linux是以LF(\n)断行,而windows是以CRLF(\r\n)断行,所以一般我们在Linux上面查看windows的文件,其结尾都是^M,所以我们在windows下编写的脚本放到Linux上运行之前需要小心,要去除掉这个字符,不然运行会报错。
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