linux: ubuntu16.04-64bit
python: 3.5.2
opencv: 3.0.0

1. 系统更新:
   sudo apt-get update

2. 安装Python3的必要插件:
   sudo apt-get install python3-setuptools python3-dev -y
   (-y指的是安装默认选择yes)

3. 安装pip3(系统同时存在Python2和Python3且只想在Python3下安装pip):
   sudo apt-get install python3-pip

4. 安装Python科学计算库numpy(Opencv依赖库)
   pip3 install numpy

5. 安装提供编译程序必须软件包的列表信息的库build-essential:
   sudo apt-get install build-essential -y

6. 安装必要的开发插件:
   sudo apt-get install cmake git libgtk2.0-dev pkg-config libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev -y

7. 下载OpenCV 3.0.0压缩包:
   wget https://github.com/Itseez/opencv/archive/3.0.0.zip

8. 解压OpenCV 3.0.0压缩包并进入到解压后文件:
   unzip opencv-3.0.0.zip && cd opencv-3.0.0

9. cmake编译:

cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local -DPYTHON3_EXECUTABLE=/usr/bin/python3 -DPYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR=/usr/include/python3.5 -DPYTHON_LIBRARY=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.so -DPYTHON3_NUMPY_INCLUDE_DIRS=/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/numpy/core/include

10. make编译:
    make -j && sudo make install

11. 测试
    python3
import cv2
exit()