| spinlock | mutex | |
|---|---|---|
| waiting mechanism | When a thread tries to lock a spinlock and it does not succeed, it will continuously re-try locking it, until it finally succeeds; thus it will not allow another thread to take its place (however, the operating system will forcefully switch to another thread, once the CPU runtime quantum of the current thread has been exceeded, of course). | When a thread tries to lock a mutex and it does not succeed, because the mutex is already locked, it will go to sleep, immediately allowing another thread to run. It will continue to sleep until being woken up, which will be the case once the mutex is being unlocked by whatever thread was holding the lock before. |
| cpu utilization | Lead to high CPU utilization and potential performance issues, especially on single-core systems. | More efficient in terms of CPU utilization, as the waiting thread is suspended and does not consume CPU resources until it is woken up. |
| latency | Lower latency for acquiring the lock, as the thread can immediately take the lock once it becomes available, without the overhead of suspending and resuming the thread. | Higher latency for acquiring the lock, as the waiting thread needs to be woken up and scheduled to run when the lock becomes available. |
| applicability | short-duration critical sections, especially on systems with multiple cores and low contention, where the overhead of suspending and resuming the thread would be higher than the cost of busy-waiting. | Longer-duration critical sections, where the thread might have to wait for the lock for a significant amount of time. They are also better for systems with a large number of threads or high contention, as they can reduce CPU utilization and improve overall system performance |
| recursive locking | No | Yes |
spinlock vs mutex
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