1、scrapy框架发送post请求有两种格式
scrapy.FormRequest(url=url,formdata=formdata,cookies=self.cookie,headers=self.headers,callback=self.get_goods_list),这里的formdata是dict格式的,里面不能存在数字,如果有数字用引号括起来
scrapy.Request(url=url,method="POST",body=formdata,cookies=self.cookie,headers=self.headers,callback=self.get_goods_list),这里的formdata必须得是字符串,如果是表单格式,那么需要用json.dumps()转为字符串格式;
2、requests发送post请求,传递的参数也分两种格式(data和json)
requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(formdata)),这里面的data用的必须是字符串类型,如果formdata是一个表单(字典),那么用json.dumps(formdata)转化为字符串;
requests.post(url, json=formdata),这里面的formdata就必须是表单格式(字典),如果字典用format添加元素了,那么就会变成字符串,这时就需要用evel从字符串转化为字典(eval('{"orderby": "0","productTypeId": "%s","currentPage": "%s","pageSize": "12"}' %(id,i))),然后传递到data。
scrapy.Request()请求与requests.post()请求用法相同,得到的数据也是相同的。
表单
from scrapy import FormRequest
首先,我们先看下FormRequest的部分源码:
class FormRequest(Request):
valid_form_methods = ['GET', 'POST']
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
formdata = kwargs.pop('formdata', None)
if formdata and kwargs.get('method') is None:
kwargs['method'] = 'POST'
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
if formdata:
items = formdata.items() if isinstance(formdata, dict) else formdata
querystr = _urlencode(items, self.encoding)
if self.method == 'POST':
self.headers.setdefault(b'Content-Type', b'application/x-www-form-urlencoded')
self._set_body(querystr)
else:
self._set_url(self.url + ('&' if '?' in self.url else '?') + querystr)
def _urlencode(seq, enc):
values = [(to_bytes(k, enc), to_bytes(v, enc))
for k, vs in seq
for v in (vs if is_listlike(vs) else [vs])]
return urlencode(values, doseq=True)
阅读源码可以得知:
FormRequest:只能提交表单数据
FormRequest会将 formdata 传递的字典转化为 urlencode 进行 表单 数据的提交
FormRequest Demo
yield FormRequest(
method='post',
url=base_url,
headers=headers,
formdata=data,
callback=self.parse
)
Json
方法一
from scrapy.http.request.json_request import JsonRequest
首先我们阅读下JsonRequest源码:
class JsonRequest(Request):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
dumps_kwargs = copy.deepcopy(kwargs.pop('dumps_kwargs', {}))
dumps_kwargs.setdefault('sort_keys', True)
self._dumps_kwargs = dumps_kwargs
body_passed = kwargs.get('body', None) is not None
data = kwargs.pop('data', None)
data_passed = data is not None
if body_passed and data_passed:
warnings.warn('Both body and data passed. data will be ignored')
elif not body_passed and data_passed:
kwargs['body'] = self._dumps(data)
if 'method' not in kwargs:
kwargs['method'] = 'POST'
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.headers.setdefault('Content-Type', 'application/json')
self.headers.setdefault('Accept', 'application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01')
def replace(self, *args, **kwargs):
body_passed = kwargs.get('body', None) is not None
data = kwargs.pop('data', None)
data_passed = data is not None
if body_passed and data_passed:
warnings.warn('Both body and data passed. data will be ignored')
elif not body_passed and data_passed:
kwargs['body'] = self._dumps(data)
return super().replace(*args, **kwargs)
def _dumps(self, data):
"""Convert to JSON """
return json.dumps(data, **self._dumps_kwargs)
JSONRequest = create_deprecated_class("JSONRequest", JsonRequest)
阅读源码可以得知:
JSONRequest 已经做了 json.dumps 操作
JSONRequest Demo
data = {
'name1': 'value1',
'name2': 'value2',
}
yield JsonRequest(url='http://www.example.com/post/action', data=data)
方法二
yield Request(url, method="POST", body=json.dumps(data), headers={'Content-Type': 'application/json'},callback=self.parse_json)