But the decline is not just the consequence of bigsocial trends. Policy plays a role, too. When Mikhail Gorbachev restricted theproduction and distribution of booze in the mid-1980s, both drinking andsuicide fell sharply. The collapse of the Soviet Union swept those regulationsaside, and both drinking and suicide shot up again. Restrictions introduced byVladimir Putin in 2005 are reckoned to have contributed to the recent decline.
Para. 7段落翻译:
但是自杀率下降并不只是重大社会趋势的结果。政策也起着作用。当米哈伊尔·戈尔巴乔夫在上世纪八十年代中期限制酒的生产和销售时,饮酒和自杀率都急剧下降。随着前苏联的解体,这些规定被撇到一边,饮酒和自杀率又急速上升。而弗拉基米尔•普京于2005年采取的限制被认为促进了近年来自杀率的下降。
Para. 7段落简介:
自杀率下降的另一个原因:政策(policy)的作用。
Para. 7段落结构与逻辑:
S1: 承上启下;
S2:段落主旨句:政策的作用;
S3:举例1:戈尔巴乔夫的1980年代的禁酒令使得自杀率大幅下降;
S4:举例2:前苏联解体导致这些(禁酒令)失效,饮酒与自杀率急速上升;
S5:举例3:普京2005开始新的限制,使自杀率在近年下降。
Para. 7语言点分析:
固定搭配
play a role 起作用
Economicfactors played a decisive role in the outcome of the war.
经济因素在战争中起着决定性的作用。
fall sharply 急剧下降
shoot up 急速上升
be reckoned to 被认为
Childrenare reckoned to be more sophisticated nowadays.
如今的孩子被普遍认为更世故一些。
contribute to 有助于,促进
Immigrantshave contributed to British culture in many ways.
移民在各方面都对英国文化做出了贡献。
经典句型:
A be reckoned to have contributed to B. A被认为促进了B。
Her talentin public speaking is reckoned to have contributed to her success.
她公众演讲的天赋被认为促成了她的成功。
Governments can also help limit the consequences ofsocial and economic turbulence. Active labour-market policies, which helpre-train jobless workers and ease them back into work, prevent many suicides.And spending on health services, especially those that most benefit the old andsick, can make a big difference: fear of chronic pain is one of the things thatleads people to seek a quick way out.The remarkable recent fall in suicide among elderly Britons may have happened in part because Britain’s palliative-care system is the bestin the world.
Para. 8段落翻译:
政府还可以帮助控制社会和经济动荡的后果。政府可以制定灵活的劳动力市场政策,帮助失业者进行再培训、获得新工作,从而防止自杀的发生。政府也可以加大医疗服务方面的投入,尤其使年老体弱的人可以获益,将会大有不同:很多人出于对于慢性病的恐惧而选择了结此生。近年来英国老年人群自杀率显著下降的部分原因可能在于,英国是全世界临终护理体系最好的国家。
Para. 8段落简介:
政府可以帮助控制社会和经济动荡的后果(从而降低自杀率)
Para. 8段落结构与逻辑:
S1:段落主旨句
S3:论据1:政府可以制定灵活的劳动力市场政策,帮助失业者进行再培训、获得新工作,从而防止自杀的发生;
S4:论据2:很多人出于对于慢性病的恐惧而选择了结此生,政府加大投入,可使年老体弱的人获益;
S5:论据2的例子:英国是全世界临终护理体系最好的国家, 因此近年来英国老年人群自杀率显著下降。
Para. 8语言点分析:
固定搭配
the old and sick 年老体弱
make a big difference 有很大不同
Thenew central heating has made an enormous difference to the house.
新的中央供暖使这个房子大不一样了。
实用句型
A may have happened in part because B. A发生的部分原因是B。
The remarkablerecent rise in the number of young people returning to their hometowns from bigcities may have happened in part because of the financial pressure. 近期从大城市回到自己家乡的年轻人数量激增的部分原因可能是经济压力。
Efforts to curb access to the means to kill oneselfcan help, too. Suicide is surprisingly impulsive. A study of young Chinesewomen who had tried to kill themselves showed that three-fifths had beencontemplating suicide for less than two hours, and one in ten for less than aminute. Of 515 people who had survived the leap from San Francisco’s GoldenGate bridge between 1937 and 1971, 94% were still alive in 1978—which suggeststhat a suicide postponed is likely to be a suicide prevented.
Para. 9段落翻译:
努力使人们远离自杀工具也能促使自杀率下降。自杀有着惊人的冲动性。一个关于试图自杀的中国年轻女性的研究表明,五分之三的人在考虑自杀2小时之内会采取行动,而十分之一的人一分钟之内就采取了行动。515个1937到1971年期间旧金山金门大桥的自杀幸存者中,94%的人活到了1978年,这说明自杀一旦被延迟,可能就是被阻止了。
Para. 9段落简介:
另一个促使自杀率下降的因素:努力使人们远离自杀工具。
Para. 9段落结构与逻辑:
S1:段落主旨句:努力使人们远离自杀工具也能促使自杀率下降;
S2:论据1:自杀有着惊人的冲动性。
S3:论据1的举例1:一个关于试图自杀的中国年轻女性的研究表明,五分之三的人在考虑自杀2小时之内会采取行动,而十分之一的人一分钟之内就采取了行动;
S4:论据1的举例2:515个1937到1971年期间旧金山金门大桥的自杀幸存者中,94%的人活到了1978年,这说明自杀一旦被延迟,可能就是被阻止了。
Para. 9语言点分析:
固定搭配
curb v. 阻止
curbaccess to阻止获取
Somepeople are being curbed access to adequate medical care.
一些人无法获得足够的医疗服务。
实用句型
A is likely tobe B. A很可能就是B。
A suicidepostponed is likely to be a suicide prevented.
自杀一旦被延迟,很可能就是被阻止了。