App层面监控卡顿
需要准确分析卡顿发生在什么函数,资源占用情况如何,目前业界两种主流有效的app监控方式如下:
1、 利用UI线程的Looper打印的日志匹配;
2、 使用Choreographer.FrameCallback
Looper日志检测卡顿
Android主线程更新UI。如果界面1秒钟刷新少于60次,即FPS小于60,用户就会产生卡顿感觉。简单来说,
Android使用消息机制进行UI更新,UI线程有个Looper,在其loop方法中会不断取出message,调用其绑定的
Handler在UI线程执行。如果在handler的dispatchMesaage方法里有耗时操作,就会发生卡顿。
public void setMessageLogging(@Nullable Printer printer) {
mLogging = printer;
}
public static void loop() {
//......
for (;;) {
//......
Printer logging = me.mLogging;
if (logging != null) {
logging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " +
msg.callback + ": " + msg.what);
}
msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);
if (logging != null) {
logging.println("<<<<< Finished to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback);
}
//......
}
}
只要检测 msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg) 的执行时间,就能检测到部分UI线程是否有耗时的操作。注意到这行
执行代码的前后,有两个logging.println函数,如果设置了logging,会分别打印出>>>>> Dispatching to和
<<<<< Finished to 这样的日志,这样我们就可以通过两次log的时间差值,来计算dispatchMessage的执行时
间,从而设置阈值判断是否发生了卡顿。
系统中的打印源码
public final class Looper {
private Printer mLogging;
public void setMessageLogging(@Nullable Printer printer) {
mLogging = printer;
}
}
public interface Printer {
void println(String x);
}
Looper 提供了 setMessageLogging(@Nullable Printer printer) 方法,所以我们可以自己实现一个Printer,在
通过setMessageLogging()方法传入即可:
public class BlockCanary {
public static void install() {
LogMonitor logMonitor = new LogMonitor();
Looper.getMainLooper().setMessageLogging(logMonitor);
}
}
public class LogMonitor implements Printer {
private StackSampler mStackSampler;
private boolean mPrintingStarted = false;
private long mStartTimestamp;
// 卡顿阈值
private long mBlockThresholdMillis = 3000;
//采样频率
private long mSampleInterval = 1000;
private Handler mLogHandler;
public LogMonitor() {
mStackSampler = new StackSampler(mSampleInterval);
HandlerThread handlerThread = new HandlerThread("block-canary-io");
handlerThread.start();
mLogHandler = new Handler(handlerThread.getLooper());
}
@Override
public void println(String x) {
//从if到else会执行 dispatchMessage,如果执行耗时超过阈值,输出卡顿信息
if (!mPrintingStarted) {
//记录开始时间
mStartTimestamp = System.currentTimeMillis();
mPrintingStarted = true;
mStackSampler.startDump();
} else {
final long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
mPrintingStarted = false;
//出现卡顿
if (isBlock(endTime)) {
notifyBlockEvent(endTime);
}
mStackSampler.stopDump();
}
}
private void notifyBlockEvent(final long endTime) {
mLogHandler.post(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
//获得卡顿时 主线程堆栈
享学课堂
List<String> stacks = mStackSampler.getStacks(mStartTimestamp, endTime);
for (String stack : stacks) {
Log.e("block-canary", stack);
}
}
});
}
private boolean isBlock(long endTime) {
return endTime - mStartTimestamp > mBlockThresholdMillis;
}
}
public class StackSampler {
public static final String SEPARATOR = "\r\n";
public static final SimpleDateFormat TIME_FORMATTER =
new SimpleDateFormat("MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS");
private Handler mHandler;
private Map<Long, String> mStackMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();
private int mMaxCount = 100;
private long mSampleInterval;
//是否需要采样
protected AtomicBoolean mShouldSample = new AtomicBoolean(false);
public StackSampler(long sampleInterval) {
mSampleInterval = sampleInterval;
HandlerThread handlerThread = new HandlerThread("block-canary-sampler");
handlerThread.start();
mHandler = new Handler(handlerThread.getLooper());
}
/**
* 开始采样 执行堆栈
*/
public void startDump() {
//避免重复开始
if (mShouldSample.get()) {
return;
}
mShouldSample.set(true);
mHandler.removeCallbacks(mRunnable);
mHandler.postDelayed(mRunnable, mSampleInterval);
}
public void stopDump() {
if (!mShouldSample.get()) {
return;
其实这种方式也就是 BlockCanary 原理。
使用Choreographer.FrameCallback检测屏幕帧数
Android系统每隔16ms发出VSYNC信号,来通知界面进行重绘、渲染,每一次同步的周期约为16.6ms,代表一帧
的刷新频率。通过Choreographer类设置它的FrameCallback函数,当每一帧被渲染时会触发回调
FrameCallback.doFrame (long frameTimeNanos) 函数。frameTimeNanos是底层VSYNC信号到达的时间戳 。
public class ChoreographerHelper {
public static void start() {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN) {
Choreographer.getInstance().postFrameCallback(new Choreographer.FrameCallback() {
long lastFrameTimeNanos = 0;
@Override
public void doFrame(long frameTimeNanos) {
//上次回调时间
if (lastFrameTimeNanos == 0) {
lastFrameTimeNanos = frameTimeNanos;
Choreographer.getInstance().postFrameCallback(this);
return;
}
long diff = (frameTimeNanos - lastFrameTimeNanos) / 1_000_000;
if (diff > 16.6f) {
//掉帧数
int droppedCount = (int) (diff / 16.6);
}
lastFrameTimeNanos = frameTimeNanos;
Choreographer.getInstance().postFrameCallback(this);
}
});
}
}
}
通过 ChoreographerHelper 可以实时计算帧率和掉帧数,实时监测App页面的帧率数据,发现帧率过低,还可以自
动保存现场堆栈信息。
Looper比较适合在发布前进行测试或者小范围灰度测试然后定位问题,ChoreographerHelper适合监控线上环境
的 app 的掉帧情况来计算 app 在某些场景的流畅度然后有针对性的做性能优化。