java 通过Executors工厂类一共可以创建四种类型的线程池,通过Executors.newXXX即可创建。下面就分别都介绍一下把分别为:(缓冲、定长、周期、单例)
newCachedThreadPool创建一个可缓冲线程池,如果线程池长度(数目)超过处理需要,可灵活回收空闲线程,若无可回收,则新建线程。
newFixedThreadPool创建一个定长线程池,可控制线程池最大并发数,超出的线程会在队列中等待。
newScheduledThreadPool创建一个定长线程池,支持定时及周期性任务执行。
newSingleThreadExcutor创建一个单线程化的线程池,只会用唯一的工作线程来执行任务,保证所有任务按照指定顺序(FIFO,LIFO,优先级)执行。
1、newChedThreadPool
public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool(){
return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0,Integer.MAX_VALUE,60L,TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>());
}
● 创建一个可根据需要创建新线程的线程池,无限扩大的线程池,比较适合处理执行时间比较小任务。比如:假设说一开始进来10个任务,启动了10个线程,10个任务结束后,然后又来了5个任务(线程还没被回收),这时候会复用之前的线程,不会新起线程
● corePoolSize为0,maximumPoolSize为无限大,意味着线程数量可以无限大;
● keepAliveTime为60S,意味着线程空闲时间超过60S就会被杀死;
● 采用SynchronousQueue装等待的任务,这个阻塞队列没有存储空间,这意味着只要有请求到来,就必须要找到一条工作线程处理他,如果当前没有空闲的线程,那么就会再创建一条新的线程。
package com.multithread.learning.Main;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class NewCachedThreadTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService excutor = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
final int index = i;
excutor.execute(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+":"+index);
}
});
}
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("--------------------");
for (int i = 0; i< 10; i++){
final int index = i;
excutor.execute(new Runnable(){
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+":"+index);
}
});
}
executor.shutdown();
}
}
执行结果:
pool-1-thread-4:3
pool-1-thread-10:9
pool-1-thread-6:5
pool-1-thread-7:6
pool-1-thread-9:8
pool-1-thread-5:4
pool-1-thread-1:0
pool-1-thread-3:2
pool-1-thread-8:7
pool-1-thread-2:1
--------------------
pool-1-thread-2:0
pool-1-thread-3:2
pool-1-thread-8:1
pool-1-thread-3:3
pool-1-thread-8:4
pool-1-thread-3:5
pool-1-thread-8:6
pool-1-thread-8:7
pool-1-thread-3:8
pool-1-thread-2:9
由上述结果可以看出,前面执行10次输出,线程池中创建了10个线程,而后面10此输出则是使用前面的线程进行执行。
2、newFixedThreadPool
创建一个定长线程池,可控制线程最大并发数,超出的线程会在队列中等待。
public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads){
return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads,nThreads,0L,TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());}
● 是一种固定大小的线程池;
● corePoolSize和maxinumPoolSize都为用户设定的线程数量nThreads;
● keepAliveTime为0,意味着一旦有空余的空闲线程,就会被立即停止掉;但这里keepAliveTime无效
● 阻塞队列采用了LinkedBlockingQueue,是一个无界队列
● 由于采用了无界队列,实际线程数量将永远维持在nThreads,因此maximumPoolSize和keepAliveTime将无效。
package com.multithread.test;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class NewFixedThreadPoolDemo {
public static void main(String[] args ){
ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++){
final int index = i;
executor.execute(new Runnable(){
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+":"+index);
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
}
executor.shutdown();
}
}
pool-1-thread-2:1
pool-1-thread-3:2
pool-1-thread-1:0
pool-1-thread-1:3
pool-1-thread-2:4
pool-1-thread-3:5
pool-1-thread-3:7
pool-1-thread-2:8
pool-1-thread-1:6
pool-1-thread-2:9
线程池大小为3,超过数目的线程创建要求则进入等待序列,每个任务输出index后sleep2秒,所以每两秒输出3个数字
3、newScheduledThread
创建一个定长线程池,支持定时及周期性任务执行,用来处理延迟任务或者定时任务
延迟执行例子:
ScheduledExecutorService executor = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5);
executor.schedule(new Runnable(){
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(" delay 5 seconds");
}
}, 5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
executor.shutdown();
上述代码,表示在延迟5秒后执行输出。
定期执行例子:
executor.scheduleAtFixedRate(new Runnable(){
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("延迟1秒后,每三秒执行一次");
}
}, 1,3,TimeUnit.SECONDS);
延迟一秒后每三秒执行一次,不shutdown则一直执行下去
4、newSingleThreadExecutor
创建一个单线程的线程池,只会用唯一的工作线程来执行任务,保证所有任务按照指定顺序执行
ExecutorService singleThreadExecutor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
final int index = i;
singleThreadExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+":"+index);
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
}
singleThreadExecutor.shutdown();
pool-1-thread-1:0
pool-1-thread-1:1
pool-1-thread-1:2
pool-1-thread-1:3
pool-1-thread-1:4
pool-1-thread-1:5
pool-1-thread-1:6
pool-1-thread-1:7
pool-1-thread-1:8
pool-1-thread-1:9