一.就近原则：
1.定义：有些词连接的并列成分作主语时，根据就近一致的原则处理。离谓语部分近的主语是单数，谓语动词就用单数；离谓语部分近的主语是复数，谓语动词就用复数；
2.用法：
(1)or“或者”；
either…or…“要么……要么……”；
neither…nor…“既不……也不……”；
not…but…“不是……而是……”;
not only…but also…“不但……而且……”
e.g. Not only the teacher but also his students object to the change.
Not only the students but also their teacher objects to the change.
Either you or Tom is supposed to stay at home.
Neither he nor I do the thing.
Not my sister but they make the mistake.
(2)存在句的主谓一致
①存在句的主语和谓语动词的主谓一致关系，在多数情况下，取决于动词之后“真实主语”的语法形式。谓语动词通常和最邻近的那个主语一致；
e.g. Is there anybody there?
There are on children playing on the street.
There was a watch, a few suits of clothes and two ties in the suitcase.
②当动词之后的名词词组是并列结构时，只要靠近动词的并列成分不是复数形式，谓语动词在习惯上一般采取单数的形式，主要采取就近原则。
e.g. There is one or two places to visit.
There is a knife and fork on the table.
There is Florida or the Hawaiian Islands to choose from.
二.就远原则：
1. 定义：当主语部分由有些词连接时，谓语动词单复数取决于离谓语动词较远的主语部分；
2. 用法：
(1)当主语后面跟由with, together with, along with, like, in addition to, as well as, as much as, rather than, more than, no less than, except等连接的词组时，其谓语动词的形式依据主语的单复数而定。谓语动词的单复数形式与这些词组没有关系。
e.g. The pilot as well as two of the passengers has miraculously escaped death.
Some of the workers, as well as the manager, were working during the holidays.
Doctor Smith, together with his wife and two sons, is to arrive on the evening.
(2)主语部分含有except或者besides等词作主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于except或者besides之前的部分。
e.g. Every student except Tom and Mary finishes homework on time every week.
My parents besides my brother like watching TV.
