简述
前情回顾
在前面章节中，我们讲了一些Kubernetes集群的安装，以及EFK集群的搭建。前段时间，正巧有个朋友咨询EFK的问题，由于种种原因吧，他们的EFK采集，没有对接ES，而是想把日志全部收集下，输出到磁盘文件，按照日志分门别类的输出出来，这样也方便后续，ES集群好了，再往ES集群中导入，或者导入到Hadoop中。
环境准备
按照前面章节，准备好Kubernetes的集群，在本章节不再赘述。
准备Fluentd
虽说本次是将日志集中起来，输出到文件，但是大体的框架跟我前几篇文章中描述的类似，可参考：https://www.jianshu.com/p/1000ae80a493。
准备Fluentd的相关源
和EFK章节中所用的Yum源一致，我们推荐采用Kubernetes官方推荐的quay.io出品的镜像（非Fluented官方的镜像），具体地址可参考：https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/tree/master/cluster/addons/fluentd-elasticsearch。
准备Fluented的Client采集端
我们将上述地址链接中的 fluentd-es-ds.yaml中的内容，拷贝到本地的新建的文件中，我们也将名字保留。
如果是公司内部环境，可先将镜像拽取下来，然后上传到公司镜像库中。
quay.io/fluentd_elasticsearch/fluentd:v3.0.2
拷贝下来，可直接使用，没有特殊需求的话，无须改动。如有需要替换公司内部镜像源，需要调整image参数。
注意下属配置中的各个段，ServiceAccount, ClueterRole等，这些是Kubernetes的RBAC的权限控制，需要为Fluented赋予相应的资源权限，才能读取到相应的日志信息，或者相应的Kubernetes的元数据等。
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: fluentd-es
namespace: kube-system
labels:
k8s-app: fluentd-es
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: fluentd-es
labels:
k8s-app: fluentd-es
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- "namespaces"
- "pods"
verbs:
- "get"
- "watch"
- "list"
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: fluentd-es
labels:
k8s-app: fluentd-es
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: fluentd-es
namespace: kube-system
apiGroup: ""
roleRef:
kind: ClusterRole
name: fluentd-es
apiGroup: ""
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: fluentd-es-v3.0.2
namespace: kube-system
labels:
k8s-app: fluentd-es
version: v3.0.2
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
k8s-app: fluentd-es
version: v3.0.2
template:
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: fluentd-es
version: v3.0.2
# This annotation ensures that fluentd does not get evicted if the node
# supports critical pod annotation based priority scheme.
# Note that this does not guarantee admission on the nodes (#40573).
annotations:
seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/pod: 'docker/default'
spec:
priorityClassName: system-node-critical
serviceAccountName: fluentd-es
containers:
- name: fluentd-es
image: quay.io/fluentd_elasticsearch/fluentd:v3.0.2
env:
- name: FLUENTD_ARGS
value: --no-supervisor -q
resources:
limits:
memory: 500Mi
requests:
cpu: 100m
memory: 200Mi
volumeMounts:
- name: varlog
mountPath: /var/log
- name: varlibdockercontainers
mountPath: /var/lib/docker/containers
readOnly: true
- name: config-volume
mountPath: /etc/fluent/config.d
ports:
- containerPort: 24231
name: prometheus
protocol: TCP
livenessProbe:
tcpSocket:
port: prometheus
initialDelaySeconds: 5
timeoutSeconds: 10
readinessProbe:
tcpSocket:
port: prometheus
initialDelaySeconds: 5
timeoutSeconds: 10
terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
volumes:
- name: varlog
hostPath:
path: /var/log
- name: varlibdockercontainers
hostPath:
path: /var/lib/docker/containers
- name: config-volume
configMap:
name: fluentd-es-config-v0.2.0
注意下上述配置文件的最后，有用到configmap，这也就说明，我们也需要将相应的configmap从github中同样拷贝下来，并创建。
准备Fluentd的Configmap
将fluentd-es-configmap.yaml的内容也拷贝到本地，可保留文件名。由于该文件是将日志直接输出到ES的配置，所以我们需要对它进行一些调整，设置Fluentd将日志输出到集中收集器那里，也就是Fluentd的Server端，并在那里将日志输出到文件。
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: fluentd-es-config-v0.2.0
namespace: kube-system
labels:
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
data:
system.conf: |-
<system>
root_dir /tmp/fluentd-buffers/
</system>
containers.input.conf: |-
# This configuration file for Fluentd / td-agent is used
# to watch changes to Docker log files. The kubelet creates symlinks that
# capture the pod name, namespace, container name & Docker container ID
# to the docker logs for pods in the /var/log/containers directory on the host.
# If running this fluentd configuration in a Docker container, the /var/log
# directory should be mounted in the container.
#
# These logs are then submitted to Elasticsearch which assumes the
# installation of the fluent-plugin-elasticsearch & the
# fluent-plugin-kubernetes_metadata_filter plugins.
# See https://github.com/uken/fluent-plugin-elasticsearch &
# https://github.com/fabric8io/fluent-plugin-kubernetes_metadata_filter for
# more information about the plugins.
#
# Example
# =======
# A line in the Docker log file might look like this JSON:
#
# {"log":"2014/09/25 21:15:03 Got request with path wombat\n",
# "stream":"stderr",
# "time":"2014-09-25T21:15:03.499185026Z"}
#
# The time_format specification below makes sure we properly
# parse the time format produced by Docker. This will be
# submitted to Elasticsearch and should appear like:
# $ curl 'http://elasticsearch-logging:9200/_search?pretty'
# ...
# {
# "_index" : "logstash-2014.09.25",
# "_type" : "fluentd",
# "_id" : "VBrbor2QTuGpsQyTCdfzqA",
# "_score" : 1.0,
# "_source":{"log":"2014/09/25 22:45:50 Got request with path wombat\n",
# "stream":"stderr","tag":"docker.container.all",
# "@timestamp":"2014-09-25T22:45:50+00:00"}
# },
# ...
#
# The Kubernetes fluentd plugin is used to write the Kubernetes metadata to the log
# record & add labels to the log record if properly configured. This enables users
# to filter & search logs on any metadata.
# For example a Docker container's logs might be in the directory:
#
# /var/lib/docker/containers/997599971ee6366d4a5920d25b79286ad45ff37a74494f262e3bc98d909d0a7b
#
# and in the file:
#
# 997599971ee6366d4a5920d25b79286ad45ff37a74494f262e3bc98d909d0a7b-json.log
#
# where 997599971ee6... is the Docker ID of the running container.
# The Kubernetes kubelet makes a symbolic link to this file on the host machine
# in the /var/log/containers directory which includes the pod name and the Kubernetes
# container name:
#
# synthetic-logger-0.25lps-pod_default_synth-lgr-997599971ee6366d4a5920d25b79286ad45ff37a74494f262e3bc98d909d0a7b.log
# ->
# /var/lib/docker/containers/997599971ee6366d4a5920d25b79286ad45ff37a74494f262e3bc98d909d0a7b/997599971ee6366d4a5920d25b79286ad45ff37a74494f262e3bc98d909d0a7b-json.log
#
# The /var/log directory on the host is mapped to the /var/log directory in the container
# running this instance of Fluentd and we end up collecting the file:
#
# /var/log/containers/synthetic-logger-0.25lps-pod_default_synth-lgr-997599971ee6366d4a5920d25b79286ad45ff37a74494f262e3bc98d909d0a7b.log
#
# This results in the tag:
#
# var.log.containers.synthetic-logger-0.25lps-pod_default_synth-lgr-997599971ee6366d4a5920d25b79286ad45ff37a74494f262e3bc98d909d0a7b.log
#
# The Kubernetes fluentd plugin is used to extract the namespace, pod name & container name
# which are added to the log message as a kubernetes field object & the Docker container ID
# is also added under the docker field object.
# The final tag is:
#
# kubernetes.var.log.containers.synthetic-logger-0.25lps-pod_default_synth-lgr-997599971ee6366d4a5920d25b79286ad45ff37a74494f262e3bc98d909d0a7b.log
#
# And the final log record look like:
#
# {
# "log":"2014/09/25 21:15:03 Got request with path wombat\n",
# "stream":"stderr",
# "time":"2014-09-25T21:15:03.499185026Z",
# "kubernetes": {
# "namespace": "default",
# "pod_name": "synthetic-logger-0.25lps-pod",
# "container_name": "synth-lgr"
# },
# "docker": {
# "container_id": "997599971ee6366d4a5920d25b79286ad45ff37a74494f262e3bc98d909d0a7b"
# }
# }
#
# This makes it easier for users to search for logs by pod name or by
# the name of the Kubernetes container regardless of how many times the
# Kubernetes pod has been restarted (resulting in a several Docker container IDs).
# Json Log Example:
# {"log":"[info:2016-02-16T16:04:05.930-08:00] Some log text here\n","stream":"stdout","time":"2016-02-17T00:04:05.931087621Z"}
# CRI Log Example:
# 2016-02-17T00:04:05.931087621Z stdout F [info:2016-02-16T16:04:05.930-08:00] Some log text here
<source>
@id fluentd-containers.log
@type tail
path /var/log/containers/*.log
pos_file /var/log/es-containers.log.pos
tag raw.kubernetes.*
read_from_head true
<parse>
@type multi_format
<pattern>
format json
time_key time
time_format %Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%NZ
</pattern>
<pattern>
format /^(?<time>.+) (?<stream>stdout|stderr) [^ ]* (?<log>.*)$/
time_format %Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%N%:z
</pattern>
</parse>
</source>
# Detect exceptions in the log output and forward them as one log entry.
<match raw.kubernetes.**>
@id raw.kubernetes
@type detect_exceptions
remove_tag_prefix raw
message log
stream stream
multiline_flush_interval 5
max_bytes 500000
max_lines 1000
</match>
# Concatenate multi-line logs
<filter **>
@id filter_concat
@type concat
key message
multiline_end_regexp /\n$/
separator ""
</filter>
# Enriches records with Kubernetes metadata
<filter kubernetes.**>
@id filter_kubernetes_metadata
@type kubernetes_metadata
</filter>
# Fixes json fields in Elasticsearch
<filter kubernetes.**>
@id filter_parser
@type parser
key_name log
reserve_data true
remove_key_name_field true
<parse>
@type multi_format
<pattern>
format json
</pattern>
<pattern>
format none
</pattern>
</parse>
</filter>
system.input.conf: |-
# Example:
# 2015-12-21 23:17:22,066 [salt.state ][INFO ] Completed state [net.ipv4.ip_forward] at time 23:17:22.066081
<source>
@id minion
@type tail
format /^(?<time>[^ ]* [^ ,]*)[^\[]*\[[^\]]*\]\[(?<severity>[^ \]]*) *\] (?<message>.*)$/
time_format %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S
path /var/log/salt/minion
pos_file /var/log/salt.pos
tag salt
</source>
# Example:
# Dec 21 23:17:22 gke-foo-1-1-4b5cbd14-node-4eoj startupscript: Finished running startup script /var/run/google.startup.script
<source>
@id startupscript.log
@type tail
format syslog
path /var/log/startupscript.log
pos_file /var/log/es-startupscript.log.pos
tag startupscript
</source>
# Examples:
# time="2016-02-04T06:51:03.053580605Z" level=info msg="GET /containers/json"
# time="2016-02-04T07:53:57.505612354Z" level=error msg="HTTP Error" err="No such image: -f" statusCode=404
# TODO(random-liu): Remove this after cri container runtime rolls out.
<source>
@id docker.log
@type tail
format /^time="(?<time>[^"]*)" level=(?<severity>[^ ]*) msg="(?<message>[^"]*)"( err="(?<error>[^"]*)")?( statusCode=($<status_code>\d+))?/
path /var/log/docker.log
pos_file /var/log/es-docker.log.pos
tag docker
</source>
# Example:
# 2016/02/04 06:52:38 filePurge: successfully removed file /var/etcd/data/member/wal/00000000000006d0-00000000010a23d1.wal
<source>
@id etcd.log
@type tail
# Not parsing this, because it doesn't have anything particularly useful to
# parse out of it (like severities).
format none
path /var/log/etcd.log
pos_file /var/log/es-etcd.log.pos
tag etcd
</source>
# Multi-line parsing is required for all the kube logs because very large log
# statements, such as those that include entire object bodies, get split into
# multiple lines by glog.
# Example:
# I0204 07:32:30.020537 3368 server.go:1048] POST /stats/container/: (13.972191ms) 200 [[Go-http-client/1.1] 10.244.1.3:40537]
<source>
@id kubelet.log
@type tail
format multiline
multiline_flush_interval 5s
format_firstline /^\w\d{4}/
format1 /^(?<severity>\w)(?<time>\d{4} [^\s]*)\s+(?<pid>\d+)\s+(?<source>[^ \]]+)\] (?<message>.*)/
time_format %m%d %H:%M:%S.%N
path /var/log/kubelet.log
pos_file /var/log/es-kubelet.log.pos
tag kubelet
</source>
# Example:
# I1118 21:26:53.975789 6 proxier.go:1096] Port "nodePort for kube-system/default-http-backend:http" (:31429/tcp) was open before and is still needed
<source>
@id kube-proxy.log
@type tail
format multiline
multiline_flush_interval 5s
format_firstline /^\w\d{4}/
format1 /^(?<severity>\w)(?<time>\d{4} [^\s]*)\s+(?<pid>\d+)\s+(?<source>[^ \]]+)\] (?<message>.*)/
time_format %m%d %H:%M:%S.%N
path /var/log/kube-proxy.log
pos_file /var/log/es-kube-proxy.log.pos
tag kube-proxy
</source>
# Example:
# I0204 07:00:19.604280 5 handlers.go:131] GET /api/v1/nodes: (1.624207ms) 200 [[kube-controller-manager/v1.1.3 (linux/amd64) kubernetes/6a81b50] 127.0.0.1:38266]
<source>
@id kube-apiserver.log
@type tail
format multiline
multiline_flush_interval 5s
format_firstline /^\w\d{4}/
format1 /^(?<severity>\w)(?<time>\d{4} [^\s]*)\s+(?<pid>\d+)\s+(?<source>[^ \]]+)\] (?<message>.*)/
time_format %m%d %H:%M:%S.%N
path /var/log/kube-apiserver.log
pos_file /var/log/es-kube-apiserver.log.pos
tag kube-apiserver
</source>
# Example:
# I0204 06:55:31.872680 5 servicecontroller.go:277] LB already exists and doesn't need update for service kube-system/kube-ui
<source>
@id kube-controller-manager.log
@type tail
format multiline
multiline_flush_interval 5s
format_firstline /^\w\d{4}/
format1 /^(?<severity>\w)(?<time>\d{4} [^\s]*)\s+(?<pid>\d+)\s+(?<source>[^ \]]+)\] (?<message>.*)/
time_format %m%d %H:%M:%S.%N
path /var/log/kube-controller-manager.log
pos_file /var/log/es-kube-controller-manager.log.pos
tag kube-controller-manager
</source>
# Example:
# W0204 06:49:18.239674 7 reflector.go:245] pkg/scheduler/factory/factory.go:193: watch of *api.Service ended with: 401: The event in requested index is outdated and cleared (the requested history has been cleared [2578313/2577886]) [2579312]
<source>
@id kube-scheduler.log
@type tail
format multiline
multiline_flush_interval 5s
format_firstline /^\w\d{4}/
format1 /^(?<severity>\w)(?<time>\d{4} [^\s]*)\s+(?<pid>\d+)\s+(?<source>[^ \]]+)\] (?<message>.*)/
time_format %m%d %H:%M:%S.%N
path /var/log/kube-scheduler.log
pos_file /var/log/es-kube-scheduler.log.pos
tag kube-scheduler
</source>
# Example:
# I0603 15:31:05.793605 6 cluster_manager.go:230] Reading config from path /etc/gce.conf
<source>
@id glbc.log
@type tail
format multiline
multiline_flush_interval 5s
format_firstline /^\w\d{4}/
format1 /^(?<severity>\w)(?<time>\d{4} [^\s]*)\s+(?<pid>\d+)\s+(?<source>[^ \]]+)\] (?<message>.*)/
time_format %m%d %H:%M:%S.%N
path /var/log/glbc.log
pos_file /var/log/es-glbc.log.pos
tag glbc
</source>
# Example:
# I0603 15:31:05.793605 6 cluster_manager.go:230] Reading config from path /etc/gce.conf
<source>
@id cluster-autoscaler.log
@type tail
format multiline
multiline_flush_interval 5s
format_firstline /^\w\d{4}/
format1 /^(?<severity>\w)(?<time>\d{4} [^\s]*)\s+(?<pid>\d+)\s+(?<source>[^ \]]+)\] (?<message>.*)/
time_format %m%d %H:%M:%S.%N
path /var/log/cluster-autoscaler.log
pos_file /var/log/es-cluster-autoscaler.log.pos
tag cluster-autoscaler
</source>
# Logs from systemd-journal for interesting services.
# TODO(random-liu): Remove this after cri container runtime rolls out.
<source>
@id journald-docker
@type systemd
matches [{ "_SYSTEMD_UNIT": "docker.service" }]
<storage>
@type local
persistent true
path /var/log/journald-docker.pos
</storage>
read_from_head true
tag docker
</source>
<source>
@id journald-container-runtime
@type systemd
matches [{ "_SYSTEMD_UNIT": "{{ fluentd_container_runtime_service }}.service" }]
<storage>
@type local
persistent true
path /var/log/journald-container-runtime.pos
</storage>
read_from_head true
tag container-runtime
</source>
<source>
@id journald-kubelet
@type systemd
matches [{ "_SYSTEMD_UNIT": "kubelet.service" }]
<storage>
@type local
persistent true
path /var/log/journald-kubelet.pos
</storage>
read_from_head true
tag kubelet
</source>
<source>
@id journald-node-problem-detector
@type systemd
matches [{ "_SYSTEMD_UNIT": "node-problem-detector.service" }]
<storage>
@type local
persistent true
path /var/log/journald-node-problem-detector.pos
</storage>
read_from_head true
tag node-problem-detector
</source>
<source>
@id kernel
@type systemd
matches [{ "_TRANSPORT": "kernel" }]
<storage>
@type local
persistent true
path /var/log/kernel.pos
</storage>
<entry>
fields_strip_underscores true
fields_lowercase true
</entry>
read_from_head true
tag kernel
</source>
forward.input.conf: |-
# Takes the messages sent over TCP
<source>
@id forward
@type forward
</source>
monitoring.conf: |-
# Prometheus Exporter Plugin
# input plugin that exports metrics
<source>
@id prometheus
@type prometheus
</source>
<source>
@id monitor_agent
@type monitor_agent
</source>
# input plugin that collects metrics from MonitorAgent
<source>
@id prometheus_monitor
@type prometheus_monitor
<labels>
host ${hostname}
</labels>
</source>
# input plugin that collects metrics for output plugin
<source>
@id prometheus_output_monitor
@type prometheus_output_monitor
<labels>
host ${hostname}
</labels>
</source>
# input plugin that collects metrics for in_tail plugin
<source>
@id prometheus_tail_monitor
@type prometheus_tail_monitor
<labels>
host ${hostname}
</labels>
</source>
output.conf: |-
# Enriches records with Kubernetes metadata
<filter kubernetes.**>
@type kubernetes_metadata
</filter>
<match **>
@type forward
require_ack_response true
ack_response_timeout 30
recover_wait 10s
heartbeat_interval 1s
phi_threshold 16
send_timeout 10s
hard_timeout 10s
expire_dns_cache 15
heartbeat_type tcp
buffer_chunk_limit 2M
buffer_queue_limit 64
flush_interval 5s
max_retry_wait 15
disable_retry_limit
num_threads 8
<server>
name fluentd-server
host fluentd-server
port 24224
weight 100
</server>
</match>
拉起Fluentd的Server
准备Fluentd Server的yum文件
注意下，我们要配置最终存放日志的目录：/data/efk_log，留意该yum文件的最后，将宿主机的文件目录mount到fluentd容器中。
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: fluentd-server
namespace: kube-system
labels:
k8s-app: fluentd-server
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: fluentd-server
labels:
k8s-app: fluentd-server
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- "namespaces"
- "pods"
verbs:
- "get"
- "watch"
- "list"
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: fluentd-server
labels:
k8s-app: fluentd-server
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: fluentd-server
namespace: kube-system
apiGroup: ""
roleRef:
kind: ClusterRole
name: fluentd-server
apiGroup: ""
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: fluentd-server
namespace: kube-system
labels:
k8s-app: fluentd-server
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
kubernetes.io/name: "Flunetd"
spec:
ports:
- port: 24224
protocol: TCP
targetPort: server
selector:
k8s-app: fluentd-server
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: fluentd-server-v2.0.4
namespace: kube-system
labels:
k8s-app: fluentd-server
version: v2.0.4
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
k8s-app: fluentd-server
version: v2.0.4
replicas: 1
template:
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: fluentd-server
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
version: v2.0.4
spec:
serviceAccountName: fluentd-server
containers:
- name: fluentd-server
#image: k8s.gcr.io/fluentd-elasticsearch:v2.0.4
image: hub.twinkle.net:8443/system/fluentd:v3.0.1
imagePullPolicy: Always
env:
- name: FLUENTD_ARGS
value: --no-supervisor -q
resources:
limits:
memory: 1024Mi
requests:
cpu: 1000m
memory: 200Mi
volumeMounts:
- name: config-volume
mountPath: /etc/fluent/config.d
- name: log-volume
mountPath: /var/log/fluent
ports:
- containerPort: 24224
name: server
protocol: TCP
terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 160
volumes:
- name: config-volume
configMap:
name: fluentd-server-config-v0.1.4
- name: log-volume
hostPath:
path: /data/efk_log
type: Directory
我们再配置Server的ConfigMap。
注意该配置中有两个match，会将容器中的日志压缩，输出到server目录中，其它日志输出到各自的tag目录中。
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: fluentd-server-config-v0.1.4
namespace: kube-system
labels:
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
data:
system.conf: |-
<system>
root_dir /tmp/fluentd-buffers/
</system>
forward.input.conf: |-
# Takes the messages sent over TCP
<source>
@type forward
</source>
output.conf: |-
<match kubernetes.**>
@type file
<format>
@type json
</format>
path /var/log/fluent/server/server-log.%Y%m%d
compress gzip
<buffer time>
timekey 1d
timekey_use_utc true
timekey_wait 10m
</buffer>
</match>
<match *.**>
@type file
<format>
@type json
</format>
path /var/log/fluent/${tag}/file-log.%Y%m%d
compress gzip
<buffer tag,time>
timekey 1d
timekey_use_utc true
timekey_wait 10m
</buffer>
</match>
最终的输出结果如下：
image.png
我们再进入到server中查看容器的日志。
image.png
进入和server同级的目录中，采集到的日志如下。
image.png
