一、web自动化定位

1. 配置环境
   1. Firefox
   2. 三个插件
2. 使用
   1. Xpath
   2. css选择器

二、selenium使用
1.环境搭建
Python3.7-3.9
Firefox35
selenium=2.48.0
三、selenium对浏览器操作
from selenium import webdriver

drvier = webdriver.FireFox()
drvier = webdriver.Chrome()

driver.get(url)

driver.maximize_window()
driver.get_window_size()
driver.set_window_size(w,h)
driver.get_window_position()
driver.set_window_position(x,y)

driver.back()
driver.forword()

driver.current_url
driver.title
driver.page_source

data = driver.get_screenshot_as_png()
with open('a.png','wb') as f:
f.write(data)

driver.get_screenshot_as_file('b.png')

driver.close()
driver.quit()

四、两类、八大元素定位方法
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

1. id
   ele = driver.find_element_by_id('id')
   ele = driver.find_element(By.ID,'id')

2. name
   ele = driver.find_element_by_name('name')
   ele = driver.find_element(By.NAME,'id')

3. class
   ele = driver.find_element_by_class_name('class')
   ele = driver.find_element(By.CLASS_NAME,'class')

4. Xpath
   ele = driver.find_element_by_xpath('xclass')
   ele = driver.find_element(By.XPATH,'xclass')

5. css selector
   ele = driver.find_element_by_css_selector("#id .class")
   ele = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR,'#id .class')

6. link_text
   ele = driver.find_element_by_link_text("text")
   ele = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT,'text')

7. partial_link_text
   ele = driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text("text")
   ele = driver.find_element(By.PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT,'text')

8. table name，标签名必须唯一
   ele = driver.find_element_by_tag_name("TAG_NAME")
   ele = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME,'"TAG_NAME"')

五、元素的操作
ele.click()
ele.clear()
ele.send_keys("值")
ele.submit()

六、鼠标和键盘
鼠标
from selenium.webdriver import ActionoChains

ActionChains(driver).context_click(ele).perform()
ActionChains(driver).double_click(ele).perform()
ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(ele).perform()

键盘
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
send_keys(Keys.BACK_SPACE) 删除键（BackSpace）
send_keys(Keys.SPACE) 空格键(Space)
send_keys(Keys.TAB) 制表键(Tab)
send_keys(Keys.ESCAPE) 回退键（Esc）
send_keys(Keys.ENTER) 回车键（Enter）
send_keys(Keys.CONTROL,'a') 全选（Ctrl+A）
send_keys(Keys.CONTROL,'a') 全选（Ctrl+A）
send_keys(Keys.CONTROL,'x') 剪切（Ctrl+X）
send_keys(Keys.CONTROL,'v') 粘贴（Ctrl+V）
send_keys(Keys.F1) 键盘 F1
send_keys(Keys.F12) 键盘 F12

七、浏览器等待

1. 固定等待：硬等指定的时间

   ```python
   import time
   time.sleep(3)
   ```
   

2. 显示等待

   from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
   from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
   from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
   from selenium import webdriver
   
   WebDriverWait(driver, 3, 0.5, ignored_exceptions=None).until(EC.presence_of_element_located(By.ID, 'kw'))
   

3. 隐式等待

   driver.implicitly_wait(10)