apachectl 启动参数：
start,stop,restart,graceful,graceful -stop,status,configtest

options :
all,execcgi followsyminks indexes

order deny,allow
deny from all
--
<IfModule xxmodule>
xx
</IfModule>
--

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<Directory ~ "">

<Files 文件名>xx </File>

<Location url>

<VirtualHost * :80>
ServerAdmin xx@qq.com
DocumentRoot "/usr/local/zz"
ServerName www.xx.com
ServerAlias web.xx.com
ErrorLog "xx.log"
CustomLog "a.log" common
</VirtualHost>
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT

apache ssl 443

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--
KILL:参数
HUP 新配置
USR1 日志文件
QUIT 优雅的关闭，保持现有连接
TERM 快速关闭
--
nginx:
worker_processes 1;
error_log
pid
events worker_connections
tcp_nopush on;
gzip on;
ssl on;
error_page 500 502 /50x.html
location = /50x.html{}
nginx ssl配置

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mysqladmin :
create db_name
drop dbname
extended-status
flush-hosts
flush-privileges
flush-logs
flush-tables
password
ping
reload
refresh
shutdown
start-slave
stop-slave
--
mysqldump --all-databases
--no-date
--no-create-info
--port --password
备份所有数据库：
mysqldump -u root -p xx --all-database>xx.sql
mysqldump -uroot -p xx --database xx >xx.sql
mysql -u -p<
not null
auto_increment
primary key
key
default charset
engine
--
alter table test rename ee;
alter table test add date timestamp
alter table test add index (date);
alter table test modify id xx;
alter table test add primary key ();
alter table test drop column note;
rename xx test1 to xxx;
--
mysql 从txt中导入数据
load data infile '/tmp/txt' into table hr.employees;
load data infile 'x' into table hr.employees fields terminated by ',';
mysql安全

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grant all on hr.* to 'xx'@'' identified by '"
show grant for xx;
--
revoke all on hr.* from username1
drop user xxx;
--

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--
iptables
input output forward prerouting postrouting
iptables -t nat/filter -A :追加 D删除 -I 插入 -F 清空 -L 列出 -R 替换
-p tcp/udp -s 来源 -d 目标 -i eth0 --sport --dport --src-range 地址范围 --sports --state
ACCEPT DROP REJECT LOG DNAT SNAT REDIRECT

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应用案例

net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
iptables -t nat -I POSTROUTING -s xx/24 -j SNAT --to-source xx

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防火墙备份与还原：
iptables-save > xx
iptables-restore<xx
commit