二十五、 selenium实战– 12306抢票项目演示
总体示例代码：
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.select import Select
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException,ElementNotVisibleException
import csv
import time
class Trainspider(object):
# 登录url
login_url ="https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/login.html"
# 个人中心url
my_url ="https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/view/index.html"
# 搜索余票的url
left_ticket_url ="https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/init?linktypeid=dc"
def __init__(self, from_station,to_station, train_date, trains, passengers):
"""
:param from_station:出发地站点名称
:param to_station:目的地站点名称
:param train_date:出发日期
:param trains:需要为一个字典，可以为多个车次。示例如：{"G123":["M","O"]}
:param passengers:乘客姓名
"""
self.driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path="E:\python\chromedriver\chromedriver.exe")
self.from_station = from_station
self.to_station = to_station
self.trains = trains
self.train_date = train_date
self.passengers = passengers
# 当前选中的车次和席位
self.current_number = None
self.current_seat_type = None
# 初始化车站代码
self.staition_codes = {}
self.init_station_code()
def init_station_code(self):
with open("stations.csv",'r', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
reader = csv.DictReader(fp)
for line in reader:
name = line['name']
code = line['code']
self.staition_codes[name] =code
def login(self):
self.driver.get(self.login_url)
WebDriverWait(self.driver, 100).until(
EC.url_to_be(self.my_url)
)
print("登录成功！")
def search_left_ticket(self):
"""
查找余票信息
:return: None
"""
self.driver.get(self.left_ticket_url)
from_code = self.staition_codes[self.from_station]
to_code = self.staition_codes[self.to_station]
#找到输入框元素
from_station_input =self.driver.find_element_by_id("fromStation")
to_station_input =self.driver.find_element_by_id("toStation")
train_date_input = self.driver.find_element_by_id("train_date")
self.driver.execute_script("arguments[0].value='%s'" %from_code, from_station_input)
self.driver.execute_script("arguments[0].value='%s'" %to_code, to_station_input)
self.driver.execute_script("arguments[0].value='%s'"% self.train_date, train_date_input)
queryBtn = self.driver.find_element_by_id("query_ticket")
# 死循环不断的点击查询
while True:
# 点击查询
queryBtn.click()
# 等待查询的车次出现了
WebDriverWait(self.driver,1000).until(
EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH,"//tbody[@id='queryLeftTable']/tr"))
)
# 是否查找到
is_searched = False
train_trs = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath("//tbody[@id='queryLeftTable']/tr[not(@style)]")
# 查看所有的列车
for train_tr in train_trs:
# 获取一列车的信息
infos = train_tr.text.replace("\n", " ").split(" ")
orderable = infos[-1]
# 如果不能预订，就直接看下一趟列车
if orderable !='预订':
continue
# 获取到预订按钮
order_btn = train_tr.find_element_by_xpath(".//a[@class='btn72']")
number = infos[0]
if number in self.trains:
for seat_type inself.trains[number]:
# 一等座
if seat_type =="M":
count = infos[8]
if count.isdigit()or count == '有':
is_searched =True
break
# 二等座
elif seat_type =="O":
count = infos[9]
if count.isdigit()or count == '有':
is_searched =True
break
if is_searched:
self.current_number =number
order_btn.click()
return
def confirm_passenger(self):
"""
确认乘客和席位信息
:return:None
"""
# 等待页面跳转到确认乘客信息页面
WebDriverWait(self.driver, 1000).until(
EC.url_contains("https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger.initDc")
)
# 等待乘客信息元素被加载进来
WebDriverWait(self.driver, 1000).until(
EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH,"//ul[@id='normal_passenger_id']/li"))
)
# 等待席位元素被加载进来
WebDriverWait(self.driver, 1000).until(
EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH,"//select[@id='seatType_1']/option"))
)
# 提取所有的乘客的label标签
passenger_labels = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath("//ul[@id='normal_passenger_id']/li/label")
# 把需要购买票的用户勾选上
for passenger_label in passenger_labels:
if passenger_label.text inself.passengers:
passenger_label.click()
# 选择席位
seat_select = Select(self.driver.find_element_by_id("seatType_1"))
for seat_type inself.trains[self.current_number]:
try:
seat_select.select_by_value(seat_type)
self.current_seat_type =seat_type
except NoSuchElementException:
continue
else:
break
# 等待提交订单按钮可用，然后点击
WebDriverWait(self.driver, 1000).until(
EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID,"submitOrder_id"))
)
submit_order_btn =self.driver.find_element_by_id("submitOrder_id")
submit_order_btn.click()
# 等待核对订单的模态对话框弹出来
WebDriverWait(self.driver, 1000).until(
EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME,"dhtmlx_window_active"))
)
WebDriverWait(self.driver, 1000).until(
EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID,"qr_submit_id"))
)
confirm_submit_btn =self.driver.find_element_by_id("qr_submit_id")
try:
while confirm_submit_btn:
confirm_submit_btn.click()
confirm_submit_btn =self.driver.find_element_by_id("qr_submit_id")
except ElementNotVisibleException:
pass
print("恭喜！成功抢到【%s】次列车【%s】席位，请在30分钟内完成付款！"%(self.current_number, self.current_seat_type))
time.sleep(100)
def run(self):
# 1、登录
self.login()
# 2、跳转到搜索余票的页面
self.search_left_ticket()
# 3、确定购票乘客和席位信息
self.confirm_passenger()
def main():
#9：商务座，M：一等座，O：二等座，3：硬卧，4：软卧，1：硬座
spider = Trainspider("北京", "长沙", "2020-02-12", {"G110": ["O", "M"]}, ["姓名"])
spider.run()
if__name__ == '__main__':
main()
上一篇文章 第五章 爬虫进阶（二十四） 2020-02-10 地址：
https://www.jianshu.com/p/f708885d4073
下一篇文章 第五章 爬虫进阶（二十六） 2020-02-12 地址：
https://www.jianshu.com/p/2f6cb9cd4076
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