Windows下用Python你会几种copy文件的方法以及效率分析
1. os.system
import os
import tempfile
filename1 = tempfile.mktemp (".txt")
open (filename1, "w").close ()
filename2 = filename1 + ".copy"
print filename1, "=>", filename2
#拷文件
os.system ("copy %s %s" % (filename1, filename2))
if os.path.isfile (filename2): print "Success"
dirname1 = tempfile.mktemp (".dir")
os.mkdir (dirname1)
dirname2 = dirname1 + ".copy"
print dirname1, "=>", dirname2
#拷目录
os.system ("xcopy /s %s %s" % (dirname1, dirname2))
if os.path.isdir (dirname2): print "Success"
2. shutil.copy和shutil.copytree
import os
import shutil
import tempfile
filename1 = tempfile.mktemp (".txt")
open (filename1, "w").close ()
filename2 = filename1 + ".copy"
print filename1, "=>", filename2
#拷文件
shutil.copy (filename1, filename2)
if os.path.isfile (filename2): print "Success"
dirname1 = tempfile.mktemp (".dir")
os.mkdir (dirname1)
dirname2 = dirname1 + ".copy"
print dirname1, "=>", dirname2
#拷目录
shutil.copytree (dirname1, dirname2)
if os.path.isdir (dirname2): print "Success"
3. win32file.CopyFile
import os
import win32file
import tempfile
filename1 = tempfile.mktemp (".txt")
open (filename1, "w").close ()
filename2 = filename1 + ".copy"
print filename1, "=>", filename2
#拷文件
#文件已存在时，1为不覆盖，0为覆盖
win32file.CopyFile (filename1, filename2, 1)
win32file.CopyFile (filename1, filename2, 0)
win32file.CopyFile (filename1, filename2, 1)
if os.path.isfile (filename2): print "Success"
dirname1 = tempfile.mktemp (".dir")
os.mkdir (dirname1)
dirname2 = dirname1 + ".copy"
print dirname1, "=>", dirname2
#拷目录
win32file.CopyFile (dirname1, dirname2, 1)
if os.path.isdir (dirname2): print "Success"
4. SHFileOperation
import os
from win32com.shell import shell, shellcon
import tempfile
filename1 = tempfile.mktemp (".txt")
open (filename1, "w").close ()
filename2 = filename1 + ".copy"
print filename1, "=>", filename2
#拷文件
#文件已存在时，shellcon.FOF_RENAMEONCOLLISION会指示重命名文件
shell.SHFileOperation (
(0, shellcon.FO_COPY, filename1, filename2, 0, None, None)
)
shell.SHFileOperation (
(0, shellcon.FO_COPY, filename1, filename2, shellcon.FOF_RENAMEONCOLLISION, None, None)
)
shell.SHFileOperation (
(0, shellcon.FO_COPY, filename1, filename2, 0, None, None)
)
if os.path.isfile (filename2): print "Success"
dirname1 = tempfile.mktemp (".dir")
os.mkdir (dirname1)
dirname2 = dirname1 + ".copy"
print dirname1, "=>", dirname2
#拷目录
shell.SHFileOperation (
(0, shellcon.FO_COPY, dirname1, dirname2, 0, None, None)
)
if os.path.isdir (dirname2): print "Success"
测试结果出来了：
测试环境：系统——Win7 RTM，CPU——P4 3.0，MEM——1.5G DDR400，U盘——Kingston 4G
用4种不同的方法从硬盘拷贝MSDN 2008 SP1（2.37G）到U盘：
os System的方法耗时903.218秒
shutil的方法耗时1850.634秒
win32file的方法耗时861.438秒
SHFileOperation的方法耗时794.023秒
另外SHFileOperation是显示对话框的，可以这样用：
shell.SHFileOperation (
(0, shellcon.FO_COPY, filename1, filename2,
shellcon.FOF_RENAMEONCOLLISION | \
shellcon.FOF_NOCONFIRMATION |\
shellcon.FOF_NOERRORUI | \
shellcon.FOF_SILENT, None, None)
)
