使用parted对GPT/MBR类型的磁盘做分区的扩容操作

使用parted对GPT/MBR类型的磁盘做分区的扩容操作

缺点：需要先停止现有业务才可以执行。
优点：可以对单个分区进行扩容，不可以缩容。

• 查看磁盘分区概览

  parted -l
  
  Model: Virtio Block Device (virtblk)
  Disk /dev/vda: 42.9GB
  Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
  Partition Table: msdos
  Disk Flags: 
  
  Number  Start   End     Size    Type     File system     Flags
   1      1049kB  4296MB  4295MB  primary  linux-swap(v1)
   2      4296MB  42.9GB  38.7GB  primary  ext4            boot
  
  
  Model: Virtio Block Device (virtblk)
  Disk /dev/vdb: 537GB
  Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
  Partition Table: gpt
  Disk Flags: 
  
  Number  Start  End  Size  File system  Name  Flags    
  

• 目标：对磁盘进行一部分分区，之后进行移除扩容。

第一步：初始分区和挂载

• 1.开始对/dev/vdb盘进行分区，本次分区给1G容量

  parted /dev/vdb 选中vdb磁盘
  
  GNU Parted 3.1
  Using /dev/vdb
  Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
  (parted) mkpart 执行分区                                                           
  Partition name?  []? data 分区的名字                                                 
  File system type?  [ext2]? xfs 分区的类型                                        
  Start? 1 开始起点                                                                 
  End? 1G 分多大，-1为剩余所有
  (parted) print 查看分区情况
  Model: Virtio Block Device (virtblk)
  Disk /dev/vdb: 537GB
  Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
  Partition Table: gpt
  Disk Flags: 
  
  Number  Start   End     Size   File system  Name  Flags
   1      1049kB  1000MB  999MB  xfs          data
  
  (parted) quit 执行完成后，立即生效。不用w
  Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
  

• 2.分区后，对分区格式化

  mkfs.xfs -f /dev/vdb1
  meta-data=/dev/vdb1              isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=60992 blks
           =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
           =                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0
  data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=243968, imaxpct=25
           =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
  naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
  log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=855, version=2
           =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
  realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
  

• 3.挂载

  mount /dev/vdb1 /data/ 挂载到data目录下
  df -h 查看挂载详情
  Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
  /dev/vdb1       950M   33M  918M   4% /data 挂载成功
  

• 4.设置开启自动挂载

  blkid /dev/vdb1 查看uuid
  /dev/vdb1: UUID="58dd1e5c-ad82-41a2-a71d-6313a8c2c142" TYPE="xfs" PARTLABEL="data" PARTUUID="dc59f2ae-bdd0-4720-bc8a-3756824956c7" 
  vim /etc/fstab 打开配置文件
  #
  # /etc/fstab
  # Created by anaconda on Mon Dec 27 14:34:10 2021
  #
  # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
  # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
  #
  UUID=58dd1e5c-ad82-41a2-a71d-6313a8c2c142 /data xfs defaults 0 0 配置uuid
  !wq 保存退出
  

• 5.往data中写入数据

  [root@ecs-f7d0 data]# ll 有2个文件
  total 1548
  -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  114353 Jul  2 16:24 版本更新.png
  -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1469507 Jul  2 16:24 版本更新.psd
  

第二步：将原分区进行扩容，验证数据是否丢失

• 1.卸载挂载点

  umount /data
  

• 2.开始搞

  [root@ecs-f7d0 ~]# parted -l
  Model: Virtio Block Device (virtblk)
  Disk /dev/vdb: 537GB
  Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
  Partition Table: gpt
  Disk Flags: 
  分区号，后面移除分区使用
  Number  Start   End     Size   File system  Name  Flags
   1      1049kB  1000MB  999MB  xfs          data
  --------------------------------------------------------
  [root@ecs-f7d0 ~]# parted /dev/vdb 选择vdb磁盘
  GNU Parted 3.1
  Using /dev/vdb
  Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
  (parted) rm 移除分区，不会丢失数据       
  Partition number? 1 分区1号                                                       
  (parted) mkpart 创建分区                                                           
  Partition name?  []? data 分区名                                                 
  File system type?  [ext2]? xfs 分区类型                                           
  Start? 1 开始位置                                                                 
  End? -1 空间的尾部
  (parted) print  查看分区后的信息 
  Model: Virtio Block Device (virtblk)
  Disk /dev/vdb: 537GB
  Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
  Partition Table: gpt
  Disk Flags: 
  Number  Start   End    Size   File system  Name  Flags
   1      1049kB  537GB  537GB  xfs          data
  (parted) quit 退出
  

• 3.重新挂载，同步分区信息

  mount /dev/vdb1 /data/ 重新挂载
  xfs_growfs /data/ 同步分区信息
  meta-data=/dev/vdb1              isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=60992 blks
           =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
           =                       crc=1        finobt=0 spinodes=0
  data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=243968, imaxpct=25
           =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
  naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
  log      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=855, version=2
           =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
  realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
  data blocks changed from 243968 to 131071488
  

• 4.查看扩容后的情况

  df -h
  Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
  /dev/vdb1       500G  133M  500G   1% /data 从1G成功扩容到500G
  

• 5.查看数据是否存在

  [root@ecs-f7d0 /]# cd /data/
  [root@ecs-f7d0 data]# ls
  版本更新.png  版本更新.psd 确实都在
  

• 重新设置开机自动挂载

  blkid /dev/vdb1 查看UUID
  /dev/vdb1: UUID="9aae5f3c-9b4f-431d-8bff-0938f55b0685" TYPE="xfs" PARTLABEL="data" PARTUUID="fa2b86e8-5848-43fa-9a8c-35aaaecb1201"
  编辑fstab
  vim /etc/fstab 
  UUID=9aae5f3c-9b4f-431d-8bff-0938f55b0685 /data xfs defaults 0 0
  

完