视频教程连接:kubernetes快速入门
写在前面
上章节中介绍了Deployment,ReplicaSet,ReplicationController等副本控制器的使用和场景,接下来介绍kubernetes系列教程控制器DaemonSet使用。
1. DaemonSet控制器
1.1 DaemonSet简介
介绍DaemonSet时我们先来思考一个问题:相信大家都接触过监控系统比如zabbix,监控系统需要在被监控机安装一个agent,安装agent通常会涉及到以下几个场景:
- 所有节点都必须安装agent以便采集监控数据
- 新加入的节点需要配置agent,手动或者运行脚本
- 节点下线后需要手动在监控系统中删除
kubernetes中经常涉及到在node上安装部署应用,它是如何解决上述的问题的呢?答案是DaemonSet。DaemonSet守护进程简称DS,适用于在所有节点或部分节点运行一个daemon守护进程,如监控我们安装部署时网络插件kube-flannel和kube-proxy,DaemonSet具有如下特点:
- DaemonSet确保所有节点运行一个Pod副本
- 指定节点运行一个Pod副本,通过标签选择器或者节点亲和性
- 新增节点会自动在节点增加一个Pod
- 移除节点时垃圾回收机制会自动清理Pod
DaemonSet适用于每个node节点均需要部署一个守护进程的场景,常见的场景例如:
- 日志采集agent,如fluentd或logstash
- 监控采集agent,如Prometheus Node Exporter,Sysdig Agent,Ganglia gmond
- 分布式集群组件,如Ceph MON,Ceph OSD,glusterd,Hadoop Yarn NodeManager等
- k8s必要运行组件,如网络flannel,weave,calico,kube-proxy等
安装k8s时默认在kube-system命名空间已经安装了有两个DaemonSet,分别为kube-flannel-ds-amd64和kube-proxy,分别负责flannel overlay网络的互通和service代理的实现,可以通过如下命令查看:
- 查看kube-system命令空间的DaemonSet列表,当前集群有三个node节点,所以每个DS会运行三个Pod副本
[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl get ds -n kube-system
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE NODE SELECTOR AGE
kube-flannel-ds-amd64 3 3 3 3 3 beta.kubernetes.io/arch=amd64 46d
kube-proxy 3 3 3 3 3 beta.kubernetes.io/os=linux 46d
- 查看Pod的副本情况,可以看到DaemonSet在每个节点都运行一个Pod
1.2 DaemonSet定义
DaemonSet的定义和Deployment定义使用相类似,需要定义apiVersion,Kind,metadata和spec属性信息,spec中不需要定义replicas个数,spec.template即定义DS生成容器的模版信息,如下是运行一个fluentd-elasticsearch镜像容器的daemon守护进程,运行在每个node上通过fluentd采集日志上报到ElasticSearch。
- 通过yaml文件定义DaemonSet
[root@node-1 happylau]# cat fluentd-es-daemonset.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1 #api版本信息
kind: DaemonSet #类型为DaemonSet
metadata: #元数据信息
name: fluentd-elasticsearch
namespace: kube-system #运行的命名空间
labels:
k8s-app: fluentd-logging
spec: #DS模版
selector:
matchLabels:
name: fluentd-elasticsearch
template:
metadata:
labels:
name: fluentd-elasticsearch
spec:
tolerations:
- key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
effect: NoSchedule
containers: #容器信息
- name: fluentd-elasticsearch
image: quay.io/fluentd_elasticsearch/fluentd:v2.5.2
resources: #resource资源
limits:
memory: 200Mi
requests:
cpu: 100m
memory: 200Mi
volumeMounts: #挂载存储,agent需要到这些目录采集日志
- name: varlog
mountPath: /var/log
- name: varlibdockercontainers
mountPath: /var/lib/docker/containers
readOnly: true
terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
volumes: #将主机的目录以hostPath的形式挂载到容器Pod中。
- name: varlog
hostPath:
path: /var/log
- name: varlibdockercontainers
hostPath:
path: /var/lib/docker/containers
DaemonSet定义注意事项:
- daemonset.spec.template定义Pod的模板信息,包含的metadata信息需要和selector保持一致
- template必须定义RestartPolicy的策略,切策略值为Always,保障服务异常时能自动重启恢复
- Pod运行在特定节点,支持指定调度策略,如nodeSelector,Node affinity,实现灵活调度
- 生成DaemonSet
[root@node-1 happylau]# kubectl apply -f fluentd-es-daemonset.yaml
daemonset.apps/fluentd-elasticsearch created
- 查看DaemonSet列表
[root@node-1 happylau]# kubectl get daemonsets -n kube-system fluentd-elasticsearch
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE NODE SELECTOR AGE
fluentd-elasticsearch 3 3 3 3 3 <none> 16s
- 查看node上运行Pod的情况,在NODE列可以看到每个node都运行了一个Pod
[root@node-1 happylau]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system -o wide |grep fluentd
fluentd-elasticsearch-blpqb 1/1 Running 0 3m7s 10.244.2.79 node-3 <none> <none>
fluentd-elasticsearch-ksdlt 1/1 Running 0 3m7s 10.244.0.11 node-1 <none> <none>
fluentd-elasticsearch-shtkh 1/1 Running 0 3m7s 10.244.1.64 node-2 <none> <none>
- 查看DaemonSet详情,可以看到DaemonSet支持RollingUpdate滚动更新策略
[root@node-1 happylau]# kubectl get daemonsets -n kube-system fluentd-elasticsearch -o yaml
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
annotations:
kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration: |
{"apiVersion":"apps/v1","kind":"DaemonSet","metadata":{"annotations":{},"labels":{"k8s-app":"fluentd-logging"},"name":"fluentd-elasticsearch","namespace":"kube-system"},"spec":{"selector":{"matchLabels":{"name":"fluentd-elasticsearch"}},"template":{"metadata":{"labels":{"name":"fluentd-elasticsearch"}},"spec":{"containers":[{"image":"quay.io/fluentd_elasticsearch/fluentd:v2.5.2","name":"fluentd-elasticsearch","resources":{"limits":{"memory":"200Mi"},"requests":{"cpu":"100m","memory":"200Mi"}},"volumeMounts":[{"mountPath":"/var/log","name":"varlog"},{"mountPath":"/var/lib/docker/containers","name":"varlibdockercontainers","readOnly":true}]}],"terminationGracePeriodSeconds":30,"tolerations":[{"effect":"NoSchedule","key":"node-role.kubernetes.io/master"}],"volumes":[{"hostPath":{"path":"/var/log"},"name":"varlog"},{"hostPath":{"path":"/var/lib/docker/containers"},"name":"varlibdockercontainers"}]}}}}
creationTimestamp: "2019-10-30T15:19:20Z"
generation: 1
labels:
k8s-app: fluentd-logging
name: fluentd-elasticsearch
namespace: kube-system
resourceVersion: "6046222"
selfLink: /apis/extensions/v1beta1/namespaces/kube-system/daemonsets/fluentd-elasticsearch
uid: c2c02c48-9f93-48f3-9d6c-32bfa671db0e
spec:
revisionHistoryLimit: 10
selector:
matchLabels:
name: fluentd-elasticsearch
template:
metadata:
creationTimestamp: null
labels:
name: fluentd-elasticsearch
spec:
containers:
- image: quay.io/fluentd_elasticsearch/fluentd:v2.5.2
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
name: fluentd-elasticsearch
resources:
limits:
memory: 200Mi
requests:
cpu: 100m
memory: 200Mi
terminationMessagePath: /dev/termination-log
terminationMessagePolicy: File
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /var/log
name: varlog
- mountPath: /var/lib/docker/containers
name: varlibdockercontainers
readOnly: true
dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
restartPolicy: Always #重启策略必须为Always,保障异常时能自动恢复
schedulerName: default-scheduler #默认调度策略
securityContext: {}
terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
tolerations:
- effect: NoSchedule
key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
volumes:
- hostPath:
path: /var/log
type: ""
name: varlog
- hostPath:
path: /var/lib/docker/containers
type: ""
name: varlibdockercontainers
templateGeneration: 1
updateStrategy: #滚动更新策略
rollingUpdate:
maxUnavailable: 1
type: RollingUpdate
status:
currentNumberScheduled: 3
desiredNumberScheduled: 3
numberAvailable: 3
numberMisscheduled: 0
numberReady: 3
observedGeneration: 1
updatedNumberScheduled: 3
1.3 滚动更新与回滚
- 更新镜像至最新版本
[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl set image daemonsets fluentd-elasticsearch fluentd-elasticsearch=quay.io/fluentd_elasticsearch/fluentd:latest -n kube-system
daemonset.extensions/fluentd-elasticsearch image updated
- 查看滚动更新状态
[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl rollout status daemonset -n kube-system fluentd-elasticsearch
Waiting for daemon set "fluentd-elasticsearch" rollout to finish: 1 out of 3 new pods have been updated...
Waiting for daemon set "fluentd-elasticsearch" rollout to finish: 1 out of 3 new pods have been updated...
Waiting for daemon set "fluentd-elasticsearch" rollout to finish: 1 out of 3 new pods have been updated...
Waiting for daemon set "fluentd-elasticsearch" rollout to finish: 2 out of 3 new pods have been updated...
Waiting for daemon set "fluentd-elasticsearch" rollout to finish: 2 out of 3 new pods have been updated...
Waiting for daemon set "fluentd-elasticsearch" rollout to finish: 2 out of 3 new pods have been updated...
Waiting for daemon set "fluentd-elasticsearch" rollout to finish: 2 of 3 updated pods are available...
daemon set "fluentd-elasticsearch" successfully rolled out
- 查看DaemonSet详情,可以看到DS滚动更新的过程:DaemonSet先将node上的pod删除然后再创建
- 查看DaemonSet滚动更新版本,REVSION 1为初始的版本
[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl rollout history daemonset -n kube-system fluentd-elasticsearch
daemonset.extensions/fluentd-elasticsearch
REVISION CHANGE-CAUSE
1 <none>
2 <none>
- 更新回退,如果配置没有符合到预期可以回滚到原始的版本
[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl rollout undo daemonset -n kube-system fluentd-elasticsearch --to-revision=1
daemonset.extensions/fluentd-elasticsearch rolled back
- 确认版本回退情况
- 观察版本回退的过程,回退的过程和和滚动更新过程类似,先删除Pod再创建
- 删除DaemonSet
[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl delete daemonsets -n kube-system fluentd-elasticsearch
daemonset.extensions "fluentd-elasticsearch" deleted
[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system |grep fluentd
fluentd-elasticsearch-d6f6f 0/1 Terminating 0 110m
1.4 DaemonSet调度
前面kubernetes系列教程(七)深入玩转pod调度文章介绍了Pod的调度机制,DaemonSet通过kubernetes默认的调度器scheduler会在所有的node节点上运行一个Pod副本,可以通过如下三种方式将Pod运行在部分节点上:
- 指定nodeName节点运行
- 通过标签运行nodeSelector
- 通过亲和力调度node Affinity和node Anti-affinity
DaemonSet调度算法用于实现将Pod运行在特定的node节点上,如下以通过node affinity亲和力将Pod调度到部分的节点上node-2上为例。
- 为node添加一个app=web的labels
[root@node-1 happylau]# kubectl get nodes --show-labels
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION LABELS
node-1 Ready master 47d v1.15.3 beta.kubernetes.io/arch=amd64,beta.kubernetes.io/os=linux,kubernetes.io/arch=amd64,kubernetes.io/hostname=node-1,kubernetes.io/os=linux,node-role.kubernetes.io/master=
node-2 Ready <none> 47d v1.15.3 app=web,beta.kubernetes.io/arch=amd64,beta.kubernetes.io/os=linux,kubernetes.io/arch=amd64,kubernetes.io/hostname=node-2,kubernetes.io/os=linux
node-3 Ready <none> 47d v1.15.3 beta.kubernetes.io/arch=amd64,beta.kubernetes.io/os=linux,kubernetes.io/arch=amd64,kubernetes.io/hostname=node-3,kubernetes.io/os=linux
- 添加node affinity亲和力调度算法,requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution设置基本需要满足条件,preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution设置优选满足条件
[root@node-1 happylau]# cat fluentd-es-daemonset.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: fluentd-elasticsearch
namespace: kube-system
labels:
k8s-app: fluentd-logging
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
name: fluentd-elasticsearch
template:
metadata:
labels:
name: fluentd-elasticsearch
spec:
tolerations:
- key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
effect: NoSchedule
containers:
- name: fluentd-elasticsearch
image: quay.io/fluentd_elasticsearch/fluentd:v2.5.2
resources:
limits:
memory: 200Mi
requests:
cpu: 100m
memory: 200Mi
volumeMounts:
- name: varlog
mountPath: /var/log
- name: varlibdockercontainers
mountPath: /var/lib/docker/containers
readOnly: true
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution: #优先满足条件
- weight: 1
preference:
matchExpressions:
- key: app
operator: In
values:
- web
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution: #要求满足条件
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: kubernetes.io/hostname
operator: In
values:
- node-2
- node-3
terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
volumes:
- name: varlog
hostPath:
path: /var/log
- name: varlibdockercontainers
hostPath:
path: /var/lib/docker/containers
- 生成DS,并查看列表
[root@node-1 happylau]# kubectl delete ds -n kube-system fluentd-elasticsearch
daemonset.extensions "fluentd-elasticsearch" deleted
[root@node-1 happylau]# kubectl get daemonsets -n kube-system fluentd-elasticsearch
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE NODE SELECTOR AGE
fluentd-elasticsearch 1 1 1 1 1 <none> 112s
- 校验Pod运行的情况,DaemonSet的Pod调度到node-2节点上
[root@node-1 happylau]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES <none>
fluentd-elasticsearch-9kngs 1/1 Running 0 2m39s 10.244.1.82 node-2 <none> <none>
写在最后
本文介绍了kubernetes中DaemonSet控制器,DS控制器能确保所有的节点运行一个特定的daemon守护进程,此外通过nodeSelector或node Affinity能够实现将Pod调度到特定的node节点。
参考文档
DaemonSet:https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/daemonset/
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关于作者 刘海平(HappyLau )云计算高级顾问 目前在腾讯云从事公有云相关工作,曾就职于酷狗,EasyStack,拥有多年公有云+私有云计算架构设计,运维,交付相关经验,参与了酷狗,南方电网,国泰君安等大型私有云平台建设,精通Linux,Kubernetes,OpenStack,Ceph等开源技术,在云计算领域具有丰富实战经验,拥有RHCA/OpenStack/Linux授课经验。