一、C++ 标准库的算法
1. 语言层面：
Container is Class template
Algorithm is function template
Iterator is class template
Functor is class template
Adapter is class template
Allocator is class template
Algorithm 需要充iterator 获取相关容器的信息；
二、iterator分类
1. struct input_iterator_tag{}
2. struct output_iterator_tag{}
3. struct forward_iterator_tag: public input_itertator_tag{}
4. struct bidirectional_iterator_tag:public forward_iterator_tag{}
5. struct random_access_iterator_tag:public bidirectional_iterator_tag{}
算法通过迭代器来访问相关数据， 通过iterator_traits获取iterator相关参数
三、算法
1. 形式如：
template <typename Iterator>
std::Algorithm(Iterator itr1, Iterator itr2, ...)
{ ... }
常用算法：
1. accumulate;
2. for_each
3. replace, replace_if , replace_copy
4. count , count_if
5. find, find_if
6. sort
7. reverse iterator, rbegin, rend
8. binary_search
9. functors: binary_function<T, T, T>, unary_function<T, T>
四、Adapters
1. 容器适配器
stack，queue对于deque
2. 函数适配器： 将函数， 仿函数（类operator()）做为参数传入
binder2nd
not1
bind （C++11）
3. 迭代器重载
reverse_iterator
inserter
ostream_iterator
istream iterator
