需要在鸿蒙项目中自定义构建脚本
根目录hvigorfile.ts，参考代码：

import { hvigor, HvigorNode, HvigorPlugin } from '@ohos/hvigor';
import { appTasks, hapTasks,OhosHapContext,OhosHarContext, OhosAppContext, OhosPluginId, Target } from '@ohos/hvigor-ohos-plugin';

export function customPlugin(): HvigorPlugin {
  return {
    pluginId: 'customPlugin',
    context() {
      return {
        data: 'customPlugin test'
      };
    },
    async apply(currentNode: HvigorNode): Promise<void> {
      hvigor.nodesEvaluated(async () => {
        console.log("=========自定义插件开始=========")
        customTask(currentNode);
        console.log("=========自定义插件结束=========")

      });
    }

  };
}

function customTask(currentNode: HvigorNode) {
  const appContext = currentNode.getContext(OhosPluginId.OHOS_APP_PLUGIN) as OhosAppContext;
  //设置版本号
  const appJson5: any = appContext.getAppJsonOpt();
  const buildMode = appContext?.getBuildMode();

  if (buildMode === 'debug') {
    appJson5['app']['versionName'] = appJson5['app']['versionName']+'-debug';
  } else {
    appJson5['app']['versionName'] = appJson5['app']['versionName']+'-release';
  }
  appContext.setAppJsonOpt(appJson5);

  const currentProduct = appContext?.getCurrentProduct();


  //获取命令行-p参数
  const extParams = hvigor.getParameter().getExtParams();
  console.log("参数:"+JSON.stringify(extParams));
  const extraData = extParams["extraData"]

  currentNode.subNodes((node: HvigorNode) => {
    console.log("子节点:"+node.getNodeName())

    const ids:String[] = node.getAllPluginIds()
    console.log("插件:"+JSON.stringify(ids))


    //获取hap的context
    const hapContext = node.getContext(OhosPluginId.OHOS_HAP_PLUGIN) as OhosHapContext;

    if (!hapContext) {
      return;
    }

    const moduleName = hapContext?.getModuleName();

    console.log('hapContext:'+moduleName)

    let buildProfileOpt:any = hapContext.getBuildProfileOpt()
    if(!buildProfileOpt){
      buildProfileOpt = new Object();
    }
    //参数中存在extraData，直接覆盖本地配置，参数中不存在，不作处理，直接走本地build-profile.json5中的["buildOption"]["arkOptions"]["buildProfileFields"]参数
    if (extraData) {
      if(!buildProfileOpt["buildOption"]){
        buildProfileOpt["buildOption"] = new Object();
      }
      if(!buildProfileOpt["buildOption"]["arkOptions"]){
        buildProfileOpt["buildOption"]["arkOptions"] = new Object();
      }
      if (!buildProfileOpt["buildOption"]["arkOptions"]["buildProfileFields"]) {
        buildProfileOpt["buildOption"]["arkOptions"]["buildProfileFields"] = new Object();
      }
      buildProfileOpt["buildOption"]["arkOptions"]["buildProfileFields"]["extraData"] = extraData
      hapContext.setBuildProfileOpt(buildProfileOpt)
    }

  });
}

export default {
  system: appTasks, /* Built-in plugin of Hvigor. It cannot be modified. */
  plugins:[customPlugin()] /* Custom plugin to extend the functionality of Hvigor. */
}

HAP模块hvigorfile.ts

import { hapTasks } from '@ohos/hvigor-ohos-plugin';
export default {
  system: hapTasks, /* Built-in plugin of Hvigor. It cannot be modified. */
  plugins:[] /* Custom plugin to extend the functionality of Hvigor. */
}

HAR模块hvigorfile.ts

import { harTasks } from '@ohos/hvigor-ohos-plugin';
export default {
  system: harTasks, /* Built-in plugin of Hvigor. It cannot be modified. */
  plugins:[] /* Custom plugin to extend the functionality of Hvigor. */
}

jenkins打包脚本参考：

#!/bin/bash

# 检查是否传递了目录参数
if [ -z "$1" ]; then
  echo "使用方法: $0 <项目目录> [extraData]"
  exit 1
fi

PROJECT_DIR="$1"
EXTRA_DATA="$2"

# 切换到指定目录
echo "切换到项目目录:$1"
if ! cd "$PROJECT_DIR"; then
  echo "无法切换到目录 $PROJECT_DIR"
  exit 1
fi

# 安装依赖
echo "执行依赖安装..."
if ! ohpm install --all; then
  echo "依赖安装失败"
  exit 1
fi

# 清理项目
echo "执行代码审查..."
# 代码检查
if ! codelinter; then
  echo "代码检查失败"
  exit 1
fi

# 清理项目
echo "正在清理项目..."
if ! hvigorw clean --no-daemon; then
  echo "清理项目失败"
  exit 1
fi


# 构建项目
echo "正在构建项目..."
if [ -n "$EXTRA_DATA" ]; then
  echo "使用 extraData: $EXTRA_DATA"
  if ! hvigorw assembleHap --mode module -p product=default -p buildMode=debug -p extraData="$EXTRA_DATA" --no-daemon; then
    echo "构建项目失败"
    exit 1
  fi
else
  if ! hvigorw assembleHap --mode module -p product=default -p buildMode=debug --no-daemon; then
    echo "构建项目失败"
    exit 1
  fi
fi

echo "项目构建完成"

jenkins中调用打包脚本：

sh ./ohos_package.sh ${WORKSPACE} "$extraData"