4. Structure:

If a person obeys the law(A), then he will stay out of trouble with the police(B), (premise)

And someone has managed to stay out of trouble with the police, (B)(premise)

Therefore, he doesn’t break the law.(conclusion)

Explanation: This argument tries to conclude someone doesnot break the law by affirming that he does stay out of trouble with the police. However, people break the law can also manage to stay out of police.

8.Structure:

If a person is given a proper upbringing by one’s parents (A), then he or she will treat others with respect(B), (premise)

And a person treats other with respect, (B)(premise)

Therefore, he or she has indeed been given a proper upbringing. (conslusion)

Explanation: This argument tries to conclude someone is given a proper upbringing by affirming that he or she treats others with respect. However, people who is not given a proper upbringing can also be educated and treat others with respect.