/porc 虚拟目录，显示内存的信息 一切皆文件
1.查看系统cpu的文件
/porc/cpuinfo
[root@linux59-moban ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor : 0
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 6
model : 94
model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-6300HQ CPU @ 2.30GHz
stepping : 3
microcode : 0xc2
cpu MHz : 2304.000
cache size : 6144 KB
physical id : 0
siblings : 1
core id : 0
cpu cores : 1
apicid : 0
initial apicid : 0
fpu : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level : 22
wp : yes
flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts nopl xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc aperfmperf eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch epb fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 invpcid rtm rdseed adx smap xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 dtherm ida arat pln pts hwp hwp_notify hwp_act_window hwp_epp
bogomips : 4608.00
clflush size : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes : 42 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:
processor : 0 第几个核心
physical id : 0 第几颗CPU
processor : 3 第4个核心
physical id : 1 第2颗cpu
查看系统cup信息 lscpu
[root@linux59-moban ~]# lscpu
Architecture: x86_64
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order: Little Endian
CPU(s): 1
On-line CPU(s) list: 0
Thread(s) per core: 1
Core(s) per socket: 1
Socket(s): 1
NUMA node(s): 1
Vendor ID: GenuineIntel
CPU family: 6
Model: 94
Model name: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-6300HQ CPU @ 2.30GHz
Stepping: 3
CPU MHz: 2304.000
CPU max MHz: 0.0000
CPU min MHz: 0.0000
BogoMIPS: 4608.00
Hypervisor vendor: VMware
Virtualization type: full
L1d cache: 32K
L1i cache: 32K
L2 cache: 256K
L3 cache: 6144K
NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0
Flags: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts nopl xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc aperfmperf eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch epb fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 invpcid rtm rdseed adx smap xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 dtherm ida arat pln pts hwp hwp_notify hwp_act_window hwp_epp
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# lscpu
CPU(s): 4 4个核心
On-line CPU(s) list: 0-3
Socket(s): 2 CPU接口 2路 双路
2.系统内存信息
/proc/meminfo
[root@linux59-moban ~]# cat /proc/meminfo
MemTotal: 995896 kB
MemFree: 423056 kB
MemAvailable: 646344 kB
Buffers: 2760 kB
Cached: 282300 kB
SwapCached: 0 kB
Active: 211360 kB
Inactive: 116488 kB
Active(anon): 43356 kB
Inactive(anon): 7296 kB
Active(file): 168004 kB
Inactive(file): 109192 kB
Unevictable: 0 kB
查看系统内存信息 free
-h 人类可以理解的方式显示
-m 以MB 为单位显示
[root@linux59-moban ~]# free -h
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 972M 117M 412M 7.7M 441M 630M
Swap: 999M 0B 999M
total 总
used 已用
free 剩余
3.系统的负载（繁忙程度）
/proc/loadavg
[root@linux59-moban ~]# cat /proc/loadavg
0.00 0.01 0.05 1/112 27137
0.00 最近1分钟
0.02 最近5分钟
0.05 最近15分钟
查看谁登录了，副业查看系统复制 w
[root@linux59-moban ~]# w
16:55:57 up 23:58, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT
root tty1 Fri15 8:20m 0.27s 0.27s -bash
root pts/0 10.0.0.1 12:04 4:51m 0.05s 0.05s -bash
root pts/1 10.0.0.1 14:50 5.00s 0.45s 0.00s w
是否繁忙：
数字接近于cpu核心总数的时候 忙
4.设备的挂载信息
/proc/mounts
rootfs / rootfs rw 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0
proc /proc proc rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0
devtmpfs /dev devtmpfs rw,nosuid,size=487048k,nr_inodes=121762,mode=755 0 0
securityfs /sys/kernel/security securityfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000 0 0
tmpfs /run tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,mode=755 0 0
tmpfs /sys/fs/cgroup tmpfs ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,mode=755 0 0
cgroup /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,xattr,release_agent=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-cgroups-agent,name=systemd 0 0
pstore /sys/fs/pstore pstore rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0
cgroup /sys/fs/cgroup/perf_event cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,perf_event 0 0
cgroup /sys/fs/cgroup/memory cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,memory 0 0
cgroup /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,freezer 0 0
cgroup /sys/fs/cgroup/pids cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,pids 0 0
cgroup /sys/fs/cgroup/hugetlb cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,hugetlb 0 0
cgroup /sys/fs/cgroup/net_cls,net_prio cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,net_prio,net_cls 0 0
cgroup /sys/fs/cgroup/devices cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,devices 0 0
cgroup /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuset 0 0
cgroup /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuacct,cpu 0 0
cgroup /sys/fs/cgroup/blkio cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,blkio 0 0
configfs /sys/kernel/config configfs rw,relatime 0 0
/dev/sda3 / xfs rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota 0 0
systemd-1 /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc autofs rw,relatime,fd=32,pgrp=1,timeout=0,minproto=5,maxproto=5,direct,pipe_ino=21421 0 0
hugetlbfs /dev/hugepages hugetlbfs rw,relatime 0 0
mqueue /dev/mqueue mqueue rw,relatime 0 0
debugfs /sys/kernel/debug debugfs rw,relatime 0 0
/dev/sda1 /boot xfs rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota 0 0
/dev/sr0 /mnt iso9660 ro,relatime 0 0
tmpfs /run/user/0 tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,size=99592k,mode=700 0 0
binfmt_misc /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc binfmt_misc rw,relatime 0 0
查看系统挂载信息 df
-h 人类可读
[root@linux59-moban ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 19G 1.6G 18G 9% /
devtmpfs 476M 0 476M 0% /dev
tmpfs 487M 0 487M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 487M 7.7M 479M 2% /run
tmpfs 487M 0 487M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 197M 105M 93M 54% /boot
/dev/sr0 4.3G 4.3G 0 100% /mnt
tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0
存放用户的程序 /usr
1.安装软件的安装位置(编译安装 ，源码安装）
/usr/local
[root@linux59-moban ~]# ll /usr/local/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 libexec
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 49 Mar 26 11:39 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 src
image.png
经常变化的文件，系统日志 /var
1.记录着系统默认的日志 （各种服务状态信息）
/var/log/messages
Apr 2 14:50:43 linux59-moban network: Bringing up interface eth0: [ OK ]
Apr 2 14:50:43 linux59-moban systemd: Started LSB: Bring up/down networking.
Apr 2 14:50:46 linux59-moban systemd: Started Session 38 of user root.
Apr 2 14:50:46 linux59-moban systemd-logind: New session 38 of user root.
Apr 2 14:50:55 linux59-moban chronyd[5896]: Forward time jump detected!
Apr 2 14:50:55 linux59-moban chronyd[5896]: Can't synchronise: no selectable sources
Apr 2 14:54:09 linux59-moban chronyd[5896]: Selected source 185.209.85.222
Apr 2 14:56:20 linux59-moban chronyd[5896]: Selected source 203.107.6.88
Apr 2 15:01:01 linux59-moban systemd: Started Session 39 of user root.
Apr 2 15:13:38 linux59-moban kernel: e1000: eth0 NIC Link is Down
Apr 2 15:13:44 linux59-moban kernel: e1000: eth0 NIC Link is Up 1000 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None
Apr 2 15:13:46 linux59-moban kernel: e1000: eth0 NIC Link is Down
Apr 2 15:13:50 linux59-moban kernel: e1000: eth0 NIC Link is Up 1000 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None
Apr 2 16:01:01 linux59-moban systemd: Started Session 40 of user root.
Apr 2 17:01:01 linux59-moban systemd: Started Session 41 of user root.
Apr 2 17:02:11 linux59-moban systemd-logind: Removed session 36.
2.记录着用户登录情况
/var/log/secure
[root@linux59-moban ~]# cat /var/log/secure
Apr 2 10:40:56 linux59-moban sshd[10499]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session closed for user root
Apr 2 10:55:20 linux59-moban sshd[11406]: error: Received disconnect from 10.0.0.1 port 7900:0:
Apr 2 10:55:20 linux59-moban sshd[11406]: Disconnected from 10.0.0.1 port 7900
Apr 2 10:55:20 linux59-moban sshd[11406]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session closed for user root
Apr 2 10:55:21 linux59-moban sshd[12466]: Accepted password for root from 10.0.0.1 port 10859 ssh2
Apr 2 10:55:21 linux59-moban sshd[12466]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0)
Apr 2 10:55:47 linux59-moban sshd[12466]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session closed for user root
Apr 2 10:55:48 linux59-moban sshd[12489]: Accepted password for root from 10.0.0.1 port 10887 ssh2
Apr 2 10:55:48 linux59-moban sshd[12489]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0)
Apr 2 10:56:41 linux59-moban sshd[12489]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session closed for user root
Apr 2 10:56:42 linux59-moban sshd[12513]: Accepted password for root from 10.0.0.1 port 10895 ssh2
Apr 2 10:56:42 linux59-moban sshd[12513]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0)
Apr 2 11:10:26 linux59-moban sshd[12513]: error: Received disconnect from 10.0.0.1 port 10895:0:
Apr 2 11:10:26 linux59-moban sshd[12513]: Disconnected from 10.0.0.1 port 10895
