表语从句的概念:
表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语,说明主语是什么或者怎么样,由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当,和系动词一起作为谓语
从句简单理解就是英语里一句话跟着另一句话,给跟着的句子做说明(表语)
表语从句特征主要有:
一:跟在系动词之后
二:表述主语的身份,状态,性质等
三:在句子中充当表语
四:表语用陈述句语序
举例1
主语+系动词+that.....
your problem is that /you don't know how to learn English grammar /
你的问题是你不知道怎么学习英语语法
your problem is that (你的问题是)句子跟着一句话you don't know how to learn English grammar (不知道怎么学习英语语法)来说明你的问题。
举例2:
The problem is puzzling 这问题令人困惑
主语 系动词 形容词做表语
The problem is when we can get a pay rise 问题是什么时候我们可以得到加薪
句子做表语从句
表语从句的连接词
1】:从属连词: that,whether,as if 从属连词在从句中不充当成分 ,只起连接作用,that 无词义
That在引导表语从句中无词义, where 有词义,意为“是否”,表语从句不能用IF引导,这时主语的主语常常是些抽象名词 ,比如question (问题),trouble(麻烦),problem(问题),result(结果),change(可能性),suggestion(建议),idea(想法),reason(理由)等。
延伸:
As if/though好像 ,引导表语从句时要注意语态。
1:如果句中的情况与现在事实不符,从句多用虚拟语气
2:如果从句表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词一般用过去式had+过去分词
3:如果从句表示将来的可能性不大,用would(might,could)+动词原形
4:如果从句表示与事实相符,用陈述语气
举例:
Steve is now in a new jacket, he looks as if he were an American boy.(与现在事实相反)
The girl is giving us a vivid description of the moon,it seems as if she had been to the moon many times(与过去的事实相反)
It looks as if it might rain与将来事实相反
The clouds are gathering , it looks as if is going to rain与事实相符
2】连接代词: who, whoever,whom,whomever, what,whatever,which ,whichever,whose
连接代词在从句中充当主、宾、表、定的成分,起连接用作用,有词义
Tom is no longer what he used to be (what做表语)
The problem is who is fit for this job(who做主语)
This is what i want to tell you (what做宾语)
The problem is whose work is the best(whose做定语)
3】:连接副词:when, where,why,how等
(连接副词在从句中充当状语的成分,起连接作用,有词义)
The question is how he did it问题是他是如何做此事的
The question is where we can live(问题是我们能住在哪儿)
表语从句的句型成分
1:reason做主语或主语中包含事件的起因时,后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that来引导
The reason is that he got up late
2:that is why/ because区别
That is why ,其中why 引导的从句在句中做表语,该句型常用于针对前面已经说过的原因进行总结,that is reason why ....与that is why...是同义词 (这就是......的原因)但是语法结构上讲that is the reason why ...中的why 引导的是一个定语从句
That is why she failed to pass the exam ,那就是她考试不及格的原因(why在表语从句中充当原因状语)
That is the reason why she failed to pass the exam那就是她考试考试不及格的原因(why在定语从句中充当原因状语)
That is because句型中从属连词because引导的名词性从句在此作表语,这也是个常用句型,意为“这就是因为”
That is because I got up late这是因为我起床迟了。
A ship in harbor is safe,but that is not A what ships are built for
A.What B .whom C.why D.when
在港口的船只是安全的,但那不是建造船只的目的。is后面为表语从句,表语从句中for后面缺宾语,what 什么,for what 表示建造船只的目的.