安装Appium

安装命令
- npm install -g appium
安装完成后，在cmd中输入appium,如果看到

[Appium] 欢迎来到 Appium vx.x.x

说明安装成功

安装驱动

查看可安装的驱动

cmd中输入appium driver list

appium_driver_list.png

安装各驱动
- 安装uiautomator2
  
  cmd中输入appium driver install uiautomator2
- 安装xcuitest
  
  cmd中输入appium driver install xcuitest
- 针对flutter安装
  
  cmd中输入appium driver install --source=npm appium-flutter-driver
  
  或者本地安装，
  
  cmd中输入appium driver install --source local /path/to/appium-flutter-driver/driver
appium_driver_install.png

Appium Inspector

地址配置

Remote Host：127.0.0.1
Remote Port：4723

IPhone配置参数

{
  "platformName": "ios",
  "appium:automationName": "Flutter",
  "appium:bundleId": "cn.com.ShuShiKeJi.pd",
  "appium:platformVersion": "18.3.1",
  "appium:noReset": true,
  "appium:deviceName": "iPhone",
  "appium:webDriverAgentUrl": "http://localhost:8100",
  "appium:usePrebuiltWDA": false,
  "appium:useXctestrunFile": false,
  "appium:skipLogCapture": true,
  "appium:udid": "00008101-000849813698001E"
}

安卓配置参数

{
  "platformName": "Android",
  "appium:platformVersion": "15",
  "appium:deviceName": "1C021FDEE00847",
  "appium:automationName": "uiautomator2",
  "appium:appPackage": "com.reality3.realitythird",
  "appium:noReset": false,
  "appium:appActivity": "com.reality3.realitythird.global.global.MainActivity"
}

Appium-Python-Client

封装类中的驱动对象生成

from appium.options.ios.xcuitest.base import XCUITestOptions
from appium.options.android.uiautomator2.base import UiAutomator2Options
from appium import webdriver
from thirdReality import caps, logger

class uiAppiumControl:
    def __init__(self):
        """类初始化

        Args:
            deviceid (_type_): 设备序列号，IOS是UDID，Android是mac地址
        """
        self.driver: webdriver.Remote
        self.setup()

    @staticmethod
    def createIOSDriver():
        """创建IOS驱动options

        Returns:
            _type_: _description_
        """
        options = XCUITestOptions().load_capabilities(dict(caps))
        return options

    @staticmethod
    def createAndroidDriver():
        """创建安卓驱动options

        Returns:
            _type_: _description_
        """
        options = UiAutomator2Options().load_capabilities(dict(caps))
        return options

    def setup(self):
        """创建驱动对象

        Returns:
            _type_: _description_
        """
        if os_plat == "Android":
            options = uiAppiumControl.createAndroidDriver()
        elif os_plat == "IOS":
            options = uiAppiumControl.createIOSDriver()
        connect_caps = caps
        logger.debug(f"connect_caps: {connect_caps}")
        self.driver = webdriver.Remote("http://127.0.0.1:4723", options=options,keep_alive=False)
        logger.debug(f"self.driver: {self.driver}")

补充：

thirdReality/__init__.py中的caps定义

if os_plat == "Android":
    caps = {
        "platformName": "Android",
        "platformVersion": androidPhone.platform_version,
        "deviceName": androidPhone.device_id,
        "automationName": "uiautomator2",
        "appPackage": androidPhone.thirdreality_package_name,
        "noReset": True,
        "appActivity": androidPhone.thirdrealtiy_activity,
    }

else:
    caps = {
        "platformName": "iOS",
        "platformVersion": iosPhone.platform_version,
        "automationName": "XCUITest",
        "bundleId": iosPhone.thirdreality_package_name,
        "noReset": True,
        "webDriverAgentUrl": "http://localhost:8100",
        "usePrebuiltWDA": False,
        "useXctestrunFile": False,
        "skipLogCapture": True,
        "udid": iosPhone.device_id,
    }

查找元素

find_element

self.uac.driver.find_element(AppiumBy.ACCESSIBILITY_ID,"Privacy Policy")

AppiumBy.ACCESSIBILITY_ID是查询的方式，其他的方式包括

IOS_PREDICATE = '-ios predicate string'
IOS_CLASS_CHAIN = '-ios class chain'
ANDROID_UIAUTOMATOR = '-android uiautomator'
ANDROID_VIEWTAG = '-android viewtag'
ANDROID_DATA_MATCHER = '-android datamatcher'
ANDROID_VIEW_MATCHER = '-android viewmatcher'
ACCESSIBILITY_ID = 'accessibility id'
IMAGE = '-image'
CUSTOM = '-custom'

# For Flutter integration usage https://github.com/AppiumTestDistribution/appium-flutter-integration-driver/tree/main
FLUTTER_INTEGRATION_SEMANTICS_LABEL = '-flutter semantics label'
FLUTTER_INTEGRATION_TYPE = '-flutter type'
FLUTTER_INTEGRATION_KEY = '-flutter key'
FLUTTER_INTEGRATION_TEXT = '-flutter text'
FLUTTER_INTEGRATION_TEXT_CONTAINING = '-flutter text containing'

"Privacy Policy"为需要查询的元素内容

xpath

模糊查询

contains定位方法：用以获取包含符合要求内容的元素

uac.driver.find_element(AppiumBy.XPATH,'//*[contains(@content-desc,"Sign Up")]').click()

starts-with定位方法：用以获取开头内容符合要求的元素

driver.find_element(AppiumBy.XPATH, '//XCUIElementTypeButton[starts-with(@name,"Settings")]')

兄弟定位

由弟弟节点推出哥哥节点

通过父节点获取其大哥节点

driver.find_element_by_xpath("//div[@id='二哥节点']/../div[1]").text

preceding-sibling

driver.find_element_by_xpath("//div[@id='二哥节点']/preceding-sibling::div[1]").text

由哥哥节点推出弟弟节点

xpath，通过父节点获取其弟弟节点

driver.find_element_by_xpath("//div[@id='二哥节点']/../div[3]").text

following-sibling

driver.find_element(AppiumBy.XPATH,'//*[contains(@content-desc,"Sign Up")]/following-sibling::android.widget.CheckBox').click()

Xpath轴 following

driver.find_element_by_xpath("//div[@id='二哥节点']/following::*").text

父子定位

xpath定位: .代表当前节点; '..'代表父节点

driver.find_element_by_xpath("//div[@id='子节点']/../..").text

<font color=red>通过find_elements从父节点获取所有指定的子节点，并通过下标操作子节点</font>

uac.driver.find_elements(AppiumBy.XPATH, '//android.view.View[@content-desc="Sign In"]/../android.widget.EditText')[0].click()
uac.driver.find_elements(AppiumBy.XPATH, '//android.view.View[@content-desc="Sign In"]/../android.widget.EditText')[1].click()

parent

driver.find_element_by_xpath("//div[@id='子节点']/parent::*/parent::div").text

点击

通过元素点击

self.uac.driver.find_element(AppiumBy.ACCESSIBILITY_ID,"Privacy Policy").click()

通过坐标点击

指定范围点击

driver.tap([(x1, y1), (x2, y2)], duration)

[(x1, y1), (x2, y2)]：坐标范围
duration：持续时间，单位是毫秒，默认为None，可以省略

制定坐标点击

driver.tap([(x1, y1)], duration)

[(x1, y1)]：坐标点
duration：持续时间，单位是毫秒，默认为None，可以省略

问题解决

1. 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'to_capabilities'

问题描述：运行代码self.dev = webdriver.Remote(connect_url,connect_caps)时，报<font color=red>AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'to_capabilities'</font>的错误
问题分析：由于python的appium包使用是基于selenium的， 而当我们安装了最新版的selenium和最新版的appium3.0.0，就会导致版本冲突问题
解决方案：
1. 卸载selenium和appium： pip uninstall selenium appium-python-client
2. 安装制定的2.0版本appium：pip install appium-python-client==2.0

Appium的使用学习