GUI

GUI(Graphical User Interface)：图形用户界面编程
核心开发技术：AWT、Swing
被淘汰原因：
1、界面不美观
2、需要jre环境
组件：


AWT

Frame

com.ali.lesson1.TestFrame

package com.ali.lesson1;

import java.awt.*;

/**
 * GUI的第一个界面
 * 不能X掉，只能通过停止程序来强行关闭窗口
 */
public class TestFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("我的第一个Java图像界面窗口");
        //设置可见性
        frame.setVisible(true);

        //设置窗口大小
        frame.setSize(400,400);

        //设置背景颜色
       frame.setBackground(new Color(48, 198, 163));

       //弹出的初始位置：左上角在屏幕中的位置
        frame.setLocation(200,200);

        //设置大小固定 true:可拉伸
        frame.setResizable(false);


    }
}

com.ali.lesson1.TestFrame

package com.ali.lesson1;

import java.awt.*;

/**
* 生成多个窗口
*/
public class TestFrame2 {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
       //展示多个窗口
       MyFrame myFrame1 = new MyFrame(100, 100, 200, 200, Color.blue);
       MyFrame myFrame2 = new MyFrame(300, 100, 200, 200, Color.yellow);
       MyFrame myFrame3 = new MyFrame(100, 300, 200, 200, Color.red);
       MyFrame myFrame4 = new MyFrame(300, 300, 200, 200, Color.magenta);
   }


}
class MyFrame extends Frame{
   static int id = 0;  //可能存在多个窗口，我们需要一个计数器
   public MyFrame(int x,int y,int w,int h,Color color){
       //super必须要放在首行
       super("Myframe"+(++id));
       setBounds(x,y,w,h);
       setBackground(color);
       setVisible(true);
   }
}

面板

com.ali.lesson1.TestPanel

package com.ali.lesson1;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

/**
* Panel 可以看成是一个空间，但是不能单独存在
* 解决了无法X掉的问题
*/
public class TestPanel {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
       Frame frame = new Frame();
       //布局
       Panel panel = new Panel();

       //设置为绝对布局
       frame.setLayout(null);

       //Frame坐标背景
       frame.setBounds(300,300,500,500);
       frame.setBackground(new Color(194, 37, 37));

       //Panel设置坐标背景，相对于frame
       panel.setBounds(50,50,400,400);
       panel.setBackground(new Color(0x6363D4));

       //frame.add
       frame.add(panel);
       frame.setVisible(true);

       //监听事件，监听窗口关闭事件
       frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
           //窗口点击关闭的时候需要做的事情
           @Override
           public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
               //结束程序
               System.exit(0);
           }
       });

   }
}

布局

方法：

setLayout(XXXLayout);
  • 流式布局(FlowLayout)
    com.ali.lesson1.TestFlowLayout 
package com.ali.lesson1;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestFlowLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();

        //组件：按钮
        Button button1 = new Button("button1");
        Button button2 = new Button("button2");
        Button button3 = new Button("button3");

        //设置为流式布局
//        frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());  //默认居中对齐
        frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT,5,10));  //居左对齐,上下间距为5，左右间距为10


        frame.setSize(200,200);

        //添加按钮
        frame.add(button1);
        frame.add(button2);
        frame.add(button3);


        frame.setVisible(true);

        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}
  • 边界布局(BoderLayout)
    com.ali.lesson1.TestBorderLayout 
package com.ali.lesson1;

import javax.swing.border.Border;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestBorderLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame f = new Frame("TestBorderLayout");

        Button east = new Button("East");
        Button west = new Button("West");
        Button south = new Button("South");
        Button north = new Button("North");
        Button center = new Button("Center");

        f.add(east, BorderLayout.EAST);     //位于窗口的东部
        f.add(west, BorderLayout.WEST);     //位于窗口的西部
        f.add(south, BorderLayout.SOUTH);   //位于窗口的南部
        f.add(north, BorderLayout.NORTH);   //位于窗口的北部
        f.add(center, BorderLayout.CENTER); //位于窗口的中部

        f.setSize(200,200);
        f.setVisible(true);

        f.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }

}
  • 网格布局(GridLayout)
    com.ali.lesson1.TestGridLayout 
package com.ali.lesson1;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestGridLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame f = new Frame("TestGridLayout");
        Button btn1 = new Button("btn1");
        Button btn2 = new Button("btn2");
        Button btn3 = new Button("btn3");
        Button btn4 = new Button("btn4");
        Button btn5 = new Button("btn5");
        Button btn6 = new Button("btn6");

        f.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));   //3行2列

        f.add(btn1);
        f.add(btn2);
        f.add(btn3);
        f.add(btn4);
        f.add(btn5);
        f.add(btn6);

        f.pack();   //自动填充选择最优位置
        f.setVisible(true);

        f.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}
小练习

com.ali.lesson1.ExDemo

package com.ali.lesson1;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

/**
 * 练习的Demo
 */
public class ExDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        frame.setSize(400,300);
        frame.setLocation(300,400);
        frame.setBackground(Color.black);
        frame.setVisible(true);

        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));   //1、将布局分为2行

        //4个面板
        Panel p1 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());//2、先将上面一行作为一个面板，可以设置左中右布局
        Panel p2 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,1));  //3、p1面板的中间部分
        Panel p3 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());//4、下面一行也作为面板
        Panel p4 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,2));  //5、p3面板的中间部分

        //上半部分
        p1.add(new Button("East-1"),BorderLayout.EAST);
        p1.add(new Button("West-1"),BorderLayout.WEST);
        p2.add(new Button("p2-btn-1"));
        p2.add(new Button("p2-btn-2"));
        p1.add(p2,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        //下半部分
        p3.add(new Button("East-2"),BorderLayout.EAST);
        p3.add(new Button("West-2"),BorderLayout.WEST);
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            p4.add(new Button("p4-btn-"+(i+1)));
        }
        p3.add(p4,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        frame.add(p1);
        frame.add(p3);
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

总结
1、Frame是一个顶级窗口
2、Panel无法单独显示，必须添加到某个容器中
3、布局管理器：流式、东西南北中、网格
4、设置大小，位置，颜色，可见性，监听

事件监听

当某个事情发生时，需要做什么
com.ali.lesson2.TestActionEvent

package com.ali.lesson2;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

/**
 * 点击按钮控制台输出aaa
 */
public class TestActionEvent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //按下按钮，触发事件
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Button button = new Button();
        //addActionListener()需要一个ActionListener,所以我们构造一个ActionListner
        button.addActionListener(new MyActionListener());

        frame.add(button,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        frame.pack();
        windowClose(frame);
        frame.setVisible(true);

    }
    //关闭窗体
    private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}
class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        System.out.println(("aaa"));
    }
}

com.ali.lesson2.TestActionEvent2

package com.ali.lesson2;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

/**
 * 两个按钮，实现同一个监听：开始 停止
 */
public class TestActionEvent2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("开始-停止");
        Button button1 = new Button("start");
        Button button2 = new Button("stop");

        //给button添加信息
        //button1.setActionCommand("button1-start");
        button2.setActionCommand("button2-stop");

        //可以多个按钮只写一个监听类
        button1.addActionListener(new MyMonitor());
        button2.addActionListener(new MyMonitor());

        frame.add(button1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(button2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        frame.pack();
        windowClose(frame);
        frame.setVisible(true);

    }
    //关闭窗体
    private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

class MyMonitor implements ActionListener{

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //e.getActionCommand() 获取按钮的信息，如果没特别setActionCommand(),则显示button的label
        System.out.println("按钮被点击了：msg=>" + e.getActionCommand());
        if(e.getActionCommand().equals("start")){
            System.out.println("start被点击啦");
        }else
            System.out.println("stop被点击了");
    }
}

文本框

com.ali.lesson2.TestText01

package com.ali.lesson2;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

/**
 * 文本框
 */
public class TestText01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyFrame();
    }
}
class  MyFrame extends Frame{
    public MyFrame(){
        TextField textField = new TextField();  //单行文本框
        add(textField);

        //监听这个文本框输入的文字,按下enter就能触发
        textField.addActionListener(new MyActionListener2());

        //设置替换编码
        textField.setEchoChar('*'); //设置后输入框中显示的都是*，控制台仍然能看到真实信息

        windowClose(this);
        setVisible(true);
        pack();

    }
    //关闭窗体
    private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

class MyActionListener2 implements ActionListener{

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        TextField field = (TextField) e.getSource();  //获取资源
        System.out.println(field.getText());    // 将输入的文字输出到控制台
        field.setText("");  // 清空了面板
    }
}

实现加法运算器

继承和组合

//继承
class A extends B{
}
//组合
class A{
  public B b;
}
  • 继承监听器类
    com.ali.lesson2.TestCalc 
package com.ali.lesson2;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

/**
 * 输入两个数，点击=，得到结果，并且清空两个数
 */
public class TestCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator().loadFrame();
    }
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame {
    //属性
    TextField num1,num2,sum;

    //方法
    public void loadFrame(){
        //3个文本框
        num1 = new TextField(10);   //参数为字符数
        num2 = new TextField(10);
        sum = new TextField(20);
        //1个按钮
        Button button = new Button("=");
        //1个标签（+）
        Label label = new Label("+");

        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(sum);

        //设置监听器
        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener());

        windowClose(this);
        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }

    //关闭窗体
    private static void windowClose(Frame frame) {
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }

}

   //监听器类:暴力写法
    class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener {
        //获取两个变量
        private TextField num1,num2,sum;
        public MyCalculatorListener(TextField num1,TextField num2,TextField sum) {
            this.num1 = num1;
            this.num2 = num2;
            this.sum = sum;
        }

        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            //1、获得加数和被加数
            int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
            int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
            //2、进行加法运算后，放到第3个框
            sum.setText(""+(n1+n2));

            //3、清除前面两个框
            num1.setText("");
            num2.setText("");
        }
    }
  • 组合写法
package com.ali.lesson2;


import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

/**
 * 输入两个数，点击=，得到结果，并且清空两个数
 */
public class TestCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator().loadFrame();
    }
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame {
    //属性
    TextField num1,num2,sum;

    //方法
    public void loadFrame(){
        //3个文本框
        num1 = new TextField(10);   //参数为字符数
        num2 = new TextField(10);
        sum = new TextField(20);
        //1个按钮
        Button button = new Button("=");
        //1个标签（+）
        Label label = new Label("+");

        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(sum);

        //设置监听器
        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(this));

        windowClose(this);
        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }

    //关闭窗体
    private static void windowClose(Frame frame) {
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

//监听器类:组合写法
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener {
    //获取计算器这个对象,在一个类中组合另外一个类
       Calculator calculator = null;
    public MyCalculatorListener(Calculator calculator) {
        this.calculator = calculator;
    }

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //1、获得加数和被加数
        int n1 = Integer.parseInt(calculator.num1.getText());
        int n2 = Integer.parseInt(calculator.num2.getText());
        //2、进行加法运算后，放到第3个框
        calculator.sum.setText(""+(n1+n2));

        //3、清除前面两个框
        calculator.num1.setText("");
        calculator.num2.setText("");
    }
}
  • 内部类写法
package com.ali.lesson2;


import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

/**
 * 输入两个数，点击=，得到结果，并且清空两个数
 */
public class TestCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator().loadFrame();
    }
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame {
    //属性
    TextField num1,num2,sum;

    //方法
    public void loadFrame(){
        //3个文本框
        num1 = new TextField(10);   //参数为字符数
        num2 = new TextField(10);
        sum = new TextField(20);
        //1个按钮
        Button button = new Button("=");
        //1个标签（+）
        Label label = new Label("+");

        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(sum);

        //设置监听器
        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener());

        windowClose(this);
        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }

    //关闭窗体
    private static void windowClose(Frame frame) {
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }

    //内部类最大的好处就是可以畅通无阻的访问外部类的属性和方法
    private class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener {
        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            //1、获得加数和被加数
            int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
            int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
            //2、进行加法运算后，放到第3个框
            sum.setText(""+(n1+n2));

            //3、清除前面两个框
            num1.setText("");
            num2.setText("");
        }
    }

}

内部类>组合>继承

画笔

com.ali.lesson3.TestPaint

package com.ali.lesson3;

import java.awt.*;

public class TestPaint {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyPaint().loadFrame();
    }
}

class MyPaint extends Frame {

    public void loadFrame(){
        setBounds(200,200,600,500);
        setVisible(true);
    }

    //画笔
    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        //super.paint(g);
//        画笔，颜色=》画画
        g.setColor(Color.red);
        g.drawOval(100,100,100,100);    //空心圆
        g.fillOval(100,100,100,100);    //实心圆

        g.setColor(Color.green);    //每次更换颜色都要重新设置一次
        g.fillRect(150,200,200,200);    //实心方形

        
    }
}

监听

  • 鼠标监听
    com.ali.lesson3.TestMouseListener 
package com.ali.lesson3;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;

/**
 * 鼠标点下的地方生成圆点
 */
public class TestMouseListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyFrame("画图");
    }
}
class MyFrame extends Frame{
    ArrayList points;
    //监听鼠标位置=》将点存到集合中 =》画点
    public MyFrame(String title){
        super(title);
        setBounds(200,200,400,300);

        //存鼠标点击的点
        points = new ArrayList<>();

        //鼠标监听器
        this.addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener());

        windowClose(this);

        setVisible(true);
    }

    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        Iterator iterator = points.iterator();
        while(iterator.hasNext()){  // 集合中如果还有下个点
            Point point = (Point) iterator.next();  //取出下一个点
            g.setColor(Color.blue);
            g.fillOval(point.x,point.y,10,10);  //画点
        }
    }

    //关闭窗体
    private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
    
    
    private class MyMouseListener extends MouseAdapter {
        //鼠标 ：按下，弹起，按住不放

        //重写按下方法
        @Override
        public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
            MyFrame frame = (MyFrame) e.getSource();
            //点击的时候，界面上产生点加入到集合中
            points.add(new Point(e.getX(),e.getY()));
            //每次点击鼠标都刷新一下页面:原本只执行一次paint,设置后每点击一次都执行一次
            frame.repaint();

        }
    }
}
  • 窗口监听
    com.ali.lesson3.TestMouseListener 
package com.ali.lesson3;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestWindow {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new WindowFrame();
    }
}
class WindowFrame extends Frame{
    public WindowFrame(){
        setBackground(Color.blue);
        setBounds(100,100,200,200);
        setVisible(true);
//        addWindowListener(new MyWindowListener());
        this.addWindowListener(
                //匿名内部类
                new WindowAdapter() {

                    //窗口关闭：点击关闭键执行
                    @Override
                    public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                        System.out.println("windowClosing");
                        System.exit(0);
                    }


                    //窗口激活：窗口一被调出来就执行这个
                    @Override
                    public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {
                        WindowFrame frame = (WindowFrame) e.getSource();
                        frame.setTitle("被激活了");
                        System.out.println("windowActivated");
                    }

                }
        );
    }
  • 键盘监听
    com.ali.lesson3.TestKeyListener 
package com.ali.lesson3;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;

public class TestKeyListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new KeyFrame();
    }
}
class KeyFrame extends Frame {
    public KeyFrame(){
        setBounds(1,2,300,400);
        setVisible(true);
        this.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
            //按下键盘
            @Override
            public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
                //获得按下的键
                int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();
                System.out.println(keyCode);
                if(keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_UP){
                    System.out.println("你按下了上键");
                }
            }
        });
    }
}

Swing

JFrame

com.ali.lesson4.JFrameDemo

package com.ali.lesson4;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

/**
 * 使用JFrame创建窗口
 */
public class JFrameDemo {
    //init():初始化
    public void init(){
        JFrame frame = new JFrame("这是一个JFrame窗口");

        frame.setBounds(100,100,200,200);
        //获取容器 设置背景色，否则不生效
        Container container = frame.getContentPane();
        container.setBackground(Color.blue);
        frame.setVisible(true);
        //设置文字 JLabel
        JLabel label = new JLabel("欢迎来到梦之城",SwingConstants.CENTER);
        //Label设置居中对齐
        //label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);

        frame.add(label);

        //关闭事件
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //建立窗口
        new JFrameDemo().init();
    }
}

JFrame自带关闭窗口的方法：frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

弹窗

com.ali.lesson4.MyDialogDemo

package com.ali.lesson4;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

/**
 * 点击按钮弹出一个对话框
 */
//主窗口
public class DialogDemo extends JFrame {
    public DialogDemo(){
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(700,500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        //JFrame 放东西需要容器
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        //绝对布局
        container.setLayout(null);

        //按钮
        JButton button = new JButton("点击弹出一个对话框");
        button.setBounds(30,30,200,50); // 相对容器自动定位

        //点击这个按钮，弹出另一个弹窗
        button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                //调用另外一个弹窗
                new MyDialogDemo();
            }
        });

        container.add(button);

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new DialogDemo();
    }
}

//弹窗
class MyDialogDemo extends JDialog{
    public MyDialogDemo() {
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,500,500);
//        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(DO_NOTHING_ON_CLOSE); //不用写这个，弹窗默认有被关掉的方法
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        JLabel label = new JLabel("阿狸学JAVA");   //用Label中文会不显示
        container.add(label);

    }
}

用JFrame需要获得一个容器(Container container = this.getContentPane();)，再在容器上布局，用Frame就不用

标签

  • 文字标签
new Label("xxx");
  • 图标标签
    com.ali.lesson4.iconDemo 
package com.ali.lesson4;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

/**
 * 图标是一个接口，需要实现类
 */
public class iconDemo extends JFrame implements Icon {

    
    private int width;
    private int height;

    public iconDemo(){
        this.setSize(500,200);
    }

    public iconDemo(int width, int height){
        this.width = width; //标签的宽
        this.height = height;   // 标签的高
        this.setSize(500,200);
    }
    

    //初始化
    public void init(){
        iconDemo iconDemo = new iconDemo(15, 15);   //创建一个带有15*15标签的窗口
        //图标可以放在标签上，也可以放在按钮上
        JLabel label = new JLabel("icontest", iconDemo, SwingConstants.CENTER);

        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        container.add(label);

        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        this.setVisible(true);

    }

    //在容器c上画东西
    @Override
    public void paintIcon(Component c, Graphics g, int x, int y) {
        g.fillOval(x,y, width,height);
    }

    @Override
    public int getIconWidth() {
        return this.width;
    }

    @Override
    public int getIconHeight() {
        return this.height;
    }
    
    //主方法

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        
        new iconDemo().init();
    }
}
  • 图片标签
    将图片与java文件放在同一目录下

com.ali.lesson4.ImageIconDemo

package com.ali.lesson4;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class ImageIconDemo extends JFrame {
    public ImageIconDemo()  {
        JLabel label = new JLabel("ImageIcon");
        //获取图片的地址
        URL url = ImageIconDemo.class.getResource("ali.jpg"); // 获取这个类的同级资源下的该路径文件

        //图片icon
        ImageIcon icon = new ImageIcon(url);

//        将icon设为标签
        label.setIcon(icon);
        label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);

        Container container = getContentPane();
        container.add(label);

        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);


    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        new ImageIconDemo();
    }
}

面板

com.ali.lesson5. JPanelDemo

package com.ali.lesson5;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

/**
 * 简化：可用for循环来生成、添加按钮
 */
public class JPanelDemo extends JFrame {
    public JPanelDemo()  {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        container.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1,10,10)); //后面两个参数为左右间距、上下间距

        JPanel panel1 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,3));
        JPanel panel2 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,2));
        JPanel panel3 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2,1));
        JPanel panel4 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(3,2));

        panel1.add(new JButton("1"));
        panel1.add(new JButton("1"));
        panel1.add(new JButton("1"));

        panel2.add(new JButton("2"));
        panel2.add(new JButton("2"));

        panel3.add(new JButton("3"));
        panel3.add(new JButton("3"));

        for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
            panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
        }

        container.add(panel1);
        container.add(panel2);
        container.add(panel3);
        container.add(panel4);


        this.setSize(500,500);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JPanelDemo();
    }
}

滚动条

com.ali.lesson5.JscrollDemo

package com.ali.lesson5;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame {
    public JScrollDemo(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        //文本域
        JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(20,20);  // 设置行数和每行的字数
        textArea.setText("欢迎来到梦之城");

        JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
        container.add(scrollPane);  //文本超过了一定数量就会出现滚动条


        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(100,100,300,350);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JScrollDemo();
    }
}

图片按钮

com.ali.lesson5.JButtonDemo1

package com.ali.lesson5;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class JButtonDemo1 extends JFrame {
    public JButtonDemo1(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        //将图片变成图标
        URL url = JButtonDemo1.class.getResource("ali.jpg");
        ImageIcon icon = new ImageIcon(url);

        //图标放在按钮上
        JButton button = new JButton();
        button.setIcon(icon);
        button.setToolTipText("图片按钮");  //鼠标悬浮时的提示文字

        container.add(button);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        this.setSize(500,300);

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        new JButtonDemo1();
    }
}

选框

  • 单选框
    com.ali.lesson5.JButtonDemo2 
package com.ali.lesson5;

import com.sun.source.tree.ContinueTree;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class JButtonDemo2 extends JFrame {
    public JButtonDemo2(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        //单选框
        JRadioButton radioButton1 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton1");
        JRadioButton radioButton2 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton2");
        JRadioButton radioButton3 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton3");

        //由于单选框只能选择一个，将这3个分到一个组，只能选一个,不分组都可以选
        ButtonGroup group = new ButtonGroup();
        group.add(radioButton1);
        group.add(radioButton2);
        group.add(radioButton3);

        container.add(radioButton1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        container.add(radioButton2,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        container.add(radioButton3,BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        this.setSize(500,300);

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        new JButtonDemo2();
    }
}
  • 复选框
    com.ali.lesson5.JButtonDemo3 
package com.ali.lesson5;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class JButtonDemo3 extends JFrame {
    public JButtonDemo3(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        //创建复选框
        JCheckBox checkBox1 = new JCheckBox("checkBox1");
        JCheckBox checkBox2 = new JCheckBox("checkBox2");
        JCheckBox checkBox3 = new JCheckBox("checkBox3");

        container.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.CENTER));
        container.add(checkBox1);
        container.add(checkBox2);
        container.add(checkBox3);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        this.setSize(500,300);

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        new JButtonDemo3();
    }
}

列表

  • 下拉列表
    com.ali.lesson6.TestComboboxDemo1 
package com.ali.lesson6;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class TestComboboxDemo1 extends JFrame {
    public TestComboboxDemo1() {
        Container container = getContentPane();

        JComboBox comboBox = new JComboBox();

        comboBox.addItem(null);
        comboBox.addItem("正在热映");
        comboBox.addItem("已下架");
        comboBox.addItem("即将上映");

        container.add(comboBox);

        setSize(500,350);
        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestComboboxDemo1();
    }
}
  • 列表
    com.ali.lesson6.TestComboboxDemo2 
package com.ali.lesson6;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.util.Vector;

public class TestComboboxDemo2 extends JFrame {
    public TestComboboxDemo2() {
        Container container = getContentPane();

        //生成列表的内容
//        String[] contents = {"1","2","3"};

        Vector contents = new Vector();

        contents.add("张三");
        contents.add("lisi");
        contents.add("wangwu");

        JList jList = new JList(contents);

        container.add(jList);

        setSize(500,350);
        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestComboboxDemo2();
    }
}
应用场景
文本框
  • 文本框
    com.ali.lesson6.TestTextDemo1 
 package com.ali.lesson6;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.util.Vector;

/**
 * 文本框
 */

public class TestTextDemo1 extends JFrame {
    public TestTextDemo1() {
        Container container = getContentPane();

        JTextField field = new JTextField("HELLO");
        JTextField field2 = new JTextField("WORLD",20); //第二个为长度

        container.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        container.add(field);
        container.add(field2);

        setSize(500,350);
        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestTextDemo1();
    }
}
  • 密码框
    com.ali.lesson6.TestTextDemo2 
package com.ali.lesson6;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class TestTextDemo2 extends JFrame {
    public TestTextDemo2() {
        Container container = getContentPane();

        JPasswordField field = new JPasswordField();
        JPasswordField field2 = new JPasswordField(20);

        container.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));
        container.add(field);
        container.add(field2);

        setSize(500,350);
        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestTextDemo2();
    }
}
  • 文本域
 //文本域
  JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(20,20);  // 设置行数和每行的字数
  textArea.setText("欢迎来到梦之城");

贪吃小狐狸小游戏

素材来源：

素材加工：PS

文件结构

效果图


玩法：
通关和失败按空格键开始游戏
上下左右移动键控制方向，撞到自己游戏失败

主程序

fox.StartGame

package com.ali.fox;


import javax.swing.*;

//游戏的主启动类
public class StartGame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        JFrame frame = new JFrame("贪吃小狐狸");
        frame.setBounds(100,100,910,820);
        frame.setResizable(false);  //窗口大小不可变
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        frame.add(new GamePanel());
        frame.setVisible(true); //这句必须在最后，否则实现不了动态

    }
}

数据类

fox.data

package com.ali.fox;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.net.URL;

/**
 * header的w:850 h:150
 * 其他图片都是25*25
 */
//数据中心
public class Data {
    //横幅
    public static URL headerURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/header.png");
    public static ImageIcon header = new ImageIcon(headerURL);

    //上下左右
    public static URL upURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/fox_up.png");
    public static ImageIcon up = new ImageIcon(upURL);
    public static URL downURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/fox_down.png");
    public static ImageIcon down = new ImageIcon(downURL);
    public static URL leftURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/fox_left.png");
    public static ImageIcon left = new ImageIcon(leftURL);
    public static URL rightURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/fox_right.png");
    public static ImageIcon right = new ImageIcon(rightURL);

//    //身体
    public static URL bodyURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/body.png");
    public static ImageIcon body = new ImageIcon(bodyURL);
    //圆
    public static URL foodURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/food.png");
    public static ImageIcon food = new ImageIcon(foodURL);
}

游戏面板类

fox.GamePanel

package com.ali.fox;
/**
 * 一个图片占25*25，则宽有34格，高有24格，最多816格
 */

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.awt.event.KeyListener;
import java.util.Random;

public class GamePanel extends JPanel implements KeyListener, ActionListener {
    //定义狐狸的数据结构
    int len;//狐狸的长度
    int[] foxX =new int[600];//狐狸的x坐标
    int[] foxY =new int[600];//狐狸的y坐标
    String direction = "R"; //初始方向向右

    //游戏当前状态：开始 停止 通关
    boolean isStart=false;  // 开始游戏flag
    boolean isFale = false; // 游戏失败flag
    boolean isFinish = false;   //游戏通关flag：len超过88通关

    //定时器 1000ms=1s
    Timer timer = new Timer(150,this);  //100毫秒执行一次刷新 可以通过设置这个值来达到某个长度速度多块
    //食物坐标
    int foodx,foody;
    Random random = new Random();

    int score;  // 成绩


    public GamePanel(){
        init();
        this.setFocusable(true);    //获得焦点事件
        this.addKeyListener(this);  // 获得键盘监听事件
        timer.start();  //游戏一开始定时器启动
    }

    public void init(){
        //初始化狐狸身为3
        direction = "R";
        isStart = false;
        isFale = false;
        isFinish = false;
        len = 3;
        foxX[0] = 100;foxY[0] = 195;    //狐狸头初始坐标
        foxX[1] = 75;foxY[1] = 195;
        foxX[2] = 50;foxY[2] = 195;
        //食物随机分布在界面上
        foodx = 25 + 25*random.nextInt(34); //生成0到33的随机数： 25-850
        foody = 170 + 25*random.nextInt(24);    //170-745
        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
            if(foodx==foxX[i]&& foody==foxY[i]){
                foodx = 25 + 25*random.nextInt(34); //生成0到33的随机数： 25-850
                foody = 170 + 25*random.nextInt(24);    //170-745
            }
        }
        score = 0;

    }

    //绘制面板,游戏中的所有东西，都用这y个画笔来画
    @Override
    protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
        super.paintComponent(g);    //清屏 不用的话，会出现屏幕闪烁
        //绘制静态的面板
        this.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
        Data.header.paintIcon(this, g, 25, 10); // 头部栏
        g.fillRect(25, 170, 850, 600);//默认的游戏界面

        //画积分
        g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
        g.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑", Font.BOLD, 18));
        g.drawString("长度"+len, 760, 85);
        g.drawString("分数"+score, 760, 105);

        //小狐狸
        if(direction.equals("R")){
            Data.right.paintIcon(this, g, foxX[0], foxY[0]);
        }else if(direction.equals("L")){
            Data.left.paintIcon(this, g, foxX[0], foxY[0]);
        }else if(direction.equals("U")) {
            Data.up.paintIcon(this, g, foxX[0], foxY[0]);
        }else if(direction.equals("D")){
            Data.down.paintIcon(this, g, foxX[0], foxY[0]);
        }
        for (int i = 1; i < len; i++) {
            Data.body.paintIcon(this, g, foxX[i], foxY[i]);
        }

        //食物
        Data.food.paintIcon(this,g,foodx,foody);

        //游戏状态
        if(isStart==false){
            g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
            g.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑", Font.BOLD, 40));
            g.drawString("按下空格开始游戏",300,300);
        }

        if(isFale==true){
            g.setColor(Color.red);
            g.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑", Font.BOLD, 40));
            g.drawString("SCORE："+score, 325, 370);
            g.drawString("按下空格重新开始",290,420);
        }

        if(isFinish == true){
            g.setColor(Color.blue);
            g.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑", Font.BOLD, 40));
            g.drawString("恭喜通关！", 340, 420);
        }
    }

    //键盘监听事件
    @Override
    public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
        int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();   // 获得键盘的按键
        if(keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_SPACE){      //按下空格
            if(isFale || isFinish){ //重新开始
                isFale = false;
                isFinish = false;
                init();
            }else{
                isStart = !isStart;
            }
            repaint();
        }

        //狐狸移动：不能回头
        if(keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_UP && !direction.equals("D")){    //原本方向往下就不能往上，其他同理
            direction = "U";
        }else if(keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_DOWN && !direction.equals("U")){
            direction = "D";
        }else if(keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_LEFT && !direction.equals("R")){
            direction = "L";
        }else if(keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT && !direction.equals("L")){
            direction = "R";
        }
    }

    //事件监听--1s刷新10次
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        if(isStart && isFale == false && isFinish == false){    //判断是否开始状态

            //吃食物
            if(foxX[0] == foodx && foxY[0] == foody){
                ++len;
                //分数+10
                score+=10;
                if(len==88){
                    isFinish = true;
                }
                //再次随机生产食物
                for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
                    if(foodx==foxX[i]&& foody==foxY[i]){
                        foodx = 25 + 25*random.nextInt(34);
                        foody = 170 + 25*random.nextInt(24);
                    }
                }
            }

            //移动：狐狸移动是依据坐标的，此处赋值顺序不影响
            for (int i = len-1; i >0 ; --i) {   //后一节移到前一节
                foxX[i] = foxX[i-1];    //向前移动
                foxY[i] = foxY[i-1];
            }

            //走向
            if(direction.equals("R")){  //向右
                foxX[0] = foxX[0]+25;
                if(foxX[0]>850){    // 已经到达右边界
                    foxX[0] = 25;
                }
            }else if(direction.equals("L")){    //向左
                foxX[0] = foxX[0]-25;
                if(foxX[0]<25){    // 已经到达左边界
                    foxX[0] = 850;
                }
            }else if(direction.equals("U")){    //向上
                foxY[0] = foxY[0]-25;
                if(foxY[0]<170){    // 已经到达上边界
                    foxY[0] = 745;
                }
            }else if(direction.equals("D")){
                foxY[0] = foxY[0]+25;
                if(foxY[0]>745){    // 已经到达下边界
                    foxY[0] = 170;
                }
            }
            
            //失败判断，撞到自己就算失败
            for (int i = 1; i < len ; i++) {
                if(foxX[0]==foxX[i] && foxY[0]==foxY[i] ){
                    isFale = true;
                }
            }

            repaint();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e) { }
    @Override
    public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) { }



}

帧：如果时间片足够小，一秒30帧，60帧，就会形成动画，每一帧是静态的图片
setFonts()设置字体
1、查看笔记本有什么字体：win+R=>输入fonts=>enter
2、选择自己喜欢的字体

总结
1、定义数据
2、画上去
3、监听事件：键盘监听/事件监听

笔记来源于b站视频https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1DJ411B75F

将Java项目打包成exe文件

1、下载exe4j软件：https://exe4j.apponic.com/
2、IDEA中File-->Project Structure
3、参考https://www.cnblogs.com/flyingDragon/p/13403529.html完成余下步骤

其中文中的这一步的Directory是指程序启动时寻找jre的路径


image.png

如果该exe在其他笔记本运行，则需要运行笔记本的该路径有相应的jre文件夹

exe4j打成的exe文件运行时弹窗

参考文章https://blog.csdn.net/zzzgd_666/article/details/80757194

高版本JDK生成JRE

参考文章https://blog.csdn.net/qq_44307111/article/details/102825329

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