先看下Thread类中之前没有太多关注的类定义：
public
class Thread implements Runnable {
/* Make sure registerNatives is the first thing <clinit> does. */
/**
* The synchronization object responsible for this thread's join/sleep/park operations.
*/
private final Object lock = new Object();
private volatile long nativePeer;
/* ThreadLocal values pertaining to this thread. This map is maintained
* by the ThreadLocal class. */
ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap threadLocals = null;
/*
* InheritableThreadLocal values pertaining to this thread. This map is
* maintained by the InheritableThreadLocal class.
*/
ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap inheritableThreadLocals = null;
public final void join(long millis) throws InterruptedException {
synchronized(lock) {
long base = System.currentTimeMillis();
long now = 0;
if (millis < 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("timeout value is negative");
}
if (millis == 0) {
while (isAlive()) {
lock.wait(0);
}
} else {
while (isAlive()) {
long delay = millis - now;
if (delay <= 0) {
break;
}
lock.wait(delay);
now = System.currentTimeMillis() - base;
}
}
}
}
join
从上面看到实际上检测isAlive，因此线程未开始执行时，是不生效的；
关键点调用了lock.wait函数，那么在哪里notifyAll()呢？
在线程将要退出的时候，要查看jvm中的实现
ensure_join方法中，调用 lock.notify_all(thread); 唤醒所有等待thread锁的线程。
void JavaThread::run() {
...
thread_main_inner();
}
void JavaThread::thread_main_inner() {
...
this->exit(false);
delete this;
}
void JavaThread::exit(bool destroy_vm, ExitType exit_type) {
...
// Notify waiters on thread object. This has to be done after exit() is called
// on the thread (if the thread is the last thread in a daemon ThreadGroup the
// group should have the destroyed bit set before waiters are notified).
ensure_join(this);
...
}
static void ensure_join(JavaThread* thread) {
// We do not need to grap the Threads_lock, since we are operating on ourself.
Handle threadObj(thread, thread->threadObj());
assert(threadObj.not_null(), "java thread object must exist");
ObjectLocker lock(threadObj, thread);
// Ignore pending exception (ThreadDeath), since we are exiting anyway
thread->clear_pending_exception();
// Thread is exiting. So set thread_status field in java.lang.Thread class to TERMINATED.
java_lang_Thread::set_thread_status(threadObj(), java_lang_Thread::TERMINATED);
// Clear the native thread instance - this makes isAlive return false and allows the join()
// to complete once we've done the notify_all below
java_lang_Thread::set_thread(threadObj(), NULL);
lock.notify_all(thread);
// Ignore pending exception (ThreadDeath), since we are exiting anyway
thread->clear_pending_exception();
}
final线程安全
而final可以防止此类事情的发生：如果某个成员是final的，JVM规范做出如下明确的保证：一旦对象引用对其他线程可见，则其final成员也必须正确的赋值了。
