3 Templates for Binary Search

花花酱的lower_bound/upper_bound讲解,真的好,万能模板,而且通过源码加深印象。

值得注意的是,这里的r要取length而不是length - 1才能让upper_bound在搜索超出边界的数的时候返回len而不是len - 1(可参考我的代码611. Valid Triangle Number)。
在做1498题的二分写法的时候又一次发现,hi不能写成n-1,因为upper_bound的i是可以=n的,比如要找的target>A[n-1]的时候,就需要返回n,如果写成n-1,就只能返回n-1了。因为平时用upper_bound比较少,lower_bound比较多,所以这一点需要特别注意。

那么,如果你是要取数组中的某个数字,那就不能把r定位length,否则就会越界。

image.png

**[disclaimer]以下内容整理自leetcode topics

Template I

int binarySearch(int[] nums, int target){
  if(nums == null || nums.length == 0)
    return -1;

  int left = 0, right = nums.length - 1;
  while(left <= right){
    // Prevent (left + right) overflow
    int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;
    if(nums[mid] == target){ return mid; }
    else if(nums[mid] < target) { left = mid + 1; }
    else { right = mid - 1; }
  }

  // End Condition: left > right
  return -1;
}

Template #1 is used to search for an element or condition which can be determined by accessing a single index in the array.

Key Attributes:

  • Most basic and elementary form of Binary Search
  • Search Condition can be determined without comparing to the element's neighbors (or use specific elements around it)
  • No post-processing required because at each step, you are checking to see if the element has been found. If you reach the end, then you know the element is not found

Distinguishing Syntax:

  • Initial Condition: left = 0, right = length-1
  • Termination: left > right
  • Searching Left: right = mid-1
  • Searching Right: left = mid+1

Template II

int binarySearch(int[] nums, int target){
  if(nums == null || nums.length == 0)
    return -1;

  int left = 0, right = nums.length;
  while(left < right){
    // Prevent (left + right) overflow
    int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;
    if(nums[mid] == target){ return mid; }
    else if(nums[mid] < target) { left = mid + 1; }
    else { right = mid; }
  }

  // Post-processing:
  // End Condition: left == right
  if(left != nums.length && nums[left] == target) return left;
  return -1;
}

Template #2 is an advanced form of Binary Search. It is used to search for an element or condition which requires accessing the current index and its immediate right neighbor's index in the array.
**经验:l = mid + 1; r = mid;这个永远不会变,但是>=/<=/>/<这个要看情况。另外,r = length -1还是length也要看情况,这个的区别就是如果len是偶数,r = len + 1会取中间两个数右边那个。

Key Attributes:

  • Search Condition needs to access element's immediate right neighbor
  • Use element's right neighbor to determine if condition is met and decide whether to go left or right
  • Gurantees Search Space is at least 2 in size at each step
  • Post-processing required. Loop/Recursion ends when you have 1 element left. Need to assess if the remaining element meets the condition.

Distinguishing Syntax:

  • Initial Condition: left = 0, right = length
  • Termination: left == right
  • Searching Left: right = mid
  • Searching Right: left = mid+1

Template III

int binarySearch(int[] nums, int target) {
    if (nums == null || nums.length == 0)
        return -1;

    int left = 0, right = nums.length - 1;
    while (left + 1 < right){
        // Prevent (left + right) overflow
        int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;
        if (nums[mid] == target) {
            return mid;
        } else if (nums[mid] < target) {
            left = mid;
        } else {
            right = mid;
        }
    }

    // Post-processing:
    // End Condition: left + 1 == right
    if(nums[left] == target) return left;
    if(nums[right] == target) return right;
    return -1;
}

Template #3 is used to search for an element or condition which requires accessing the current index and its immediate left and right neighbor's index in the array.

Key Attributes:

  • Search Condition needs to access element's immediate left and right neighbors
  • Use element's neighbors to determine if condition is met and decide whether to go left or right
  • Gurantees Search Space is at least 3 in size at each step
  • Post-processing required. Loop/Recursion ends when you have 2 elements left. Need to assess if the remaining elements meet the condition.

Distinguishing Syntax:

  • Initial Condition: left = 0, right = length-1
  • Termination: left + 1 == right
  • Searching Left: right = mid
  • Searching Right: left = mid
最后编辑于
©著作权归作者所有,转载或内容合作请联系作者
  • 序言:七十年代末,一起剥皮案震惊了整个滨河市,随后出现的几起案子,更是在滨河造成了极大的恐慌,老刑警刘岩,带你破解...
    沈念sama阅读 211,884评论 6 492
  • 序言:滨河连续发生了三起死亡事件,死亡现场离奇诡异,居然都是意外死亡,警方通过查阅死者的电脑和手机,发现死者居然都...
    沈念sama阅读 90,347评论 3 385
  • 文/潘晓璐 我一进店门,熙熙楼的掌柜王于贵愁眉苦脸地迎上来,“玉大人,你说我怎么就摊上这事。” “怎么了?”我有些...
    开封第一讲书人阅读 157,435评论 0 348
  • 文/不坏的土叔 我叫张陵,是天一观的道长。 经常有香客问我,道长,这世上最难降的妖魔是什么? 我笑而不...
    开封第一讲书人阅读 56,509评论 1 284
  • 正文 为了忘掉前任,我火速办了婚礼,结果婚礼上,老公的妹妹穿的比我还像新娘。我一直安慰自己,他们只是感情好,可当我...
    茶点故事阅读 65,611评论 6 386
  • 文/花漫 我一把揭开白布。 她就那样静静地躺着,像睡着了一般。 火红的嫁衣衬着肌肤如雪。 梳的纹丝不乱的头发上,一...
    开封第一讲书人阅读 49,837评论 1 290
  • 那天,我揣着相机与录音,去河边找鬼。 笑死,一个胖子当着我的面吹牛,可吹牛的内容都是我干的。 我是一名探鬼主播,决...
    沈念sama阅读 38,987评论 3 408
  • 文/苍兰香墨 我猛地睁开眼,长吁一口气:“原来是场噩梦啊……” “哼!你这毒妇竟也来了?” 一声冷哼从身侧响起,我...
    开封第一讲书人阅读 37,730评论 0 267
  • 序言:老挝万荣一对情侣失踪,失踪者是张志新(化名)和其女友刘颖,没想到半个月后,有当地人在树林里发现了一具尸体,经...
    沈念sama阅读 44,194评论 1 303
  • 正文 独居荒郊野岭守林人离奇死亡,尸身上长有42处带血的脓包…… 初始之章·张勋 以下内容为张勋视角 年9月15日...
    茶点故事阅读 36,525评论 2 327
  • 正文 我和宋清朗相恋三年,在试婚纱的时候发现自己被绿了。 大学时的朋友给我发了我未婚夫和他白月光在一起吃饭的照片。...
    茶点故事阅读 38,664评论 1 340
  • 序言:一个原本活蹦乱跳的男人离奇死亡,死状恐怖,灵堂内的尸体忽然破棺而出,到底是诈尸还是另有隐情,我是刑警宁泽,带...
    沈念sama阅读 34,334评论 4 330
  • 正文 年R本政府宣布,位于F岛的核电站,受9级特大地震影响,放射性物质发生泄漏。R本人自食恶果不足惜,却给世界环境...
    茶点故事阅读 39,944评论 3 313
  • 文/蒙蒙 一、第九天 我趴在偏房一处隐蔽的房顶上张望。 院中可真热闹,春花似锦、人声如沸。这庄子的主人今日做“春日...
    开封第一讲书人阅读 30,764评论 0 21
  • 文/苍兰香墨 我抬头看了看天上的太阳。三九已至,却和暖如春,着一层夹袄步出监牢的瞬间,已是汗流浃背。 一阵脚步声响...
    开封第一讲书人阅读 31,997评论 1 266
  • 我被黑心中介骗来泰国打工, 没想到刚下飞机就差点儿被人妖公主榨干…… 1. 我叫王不留,地道东北人。 一个月前我还...
    沈念sama阅读 46,389评论 2 360
  • 正文 我出身青楼,却偏偏与公主长得像,于是被迫代替她去往敌国和亲。 传闻我的和亲对象是个残疾皇子,可洞房花烛夜当晚...
    茶点故事阅读 43,554评论 2 349