一、面向对象
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface People : NSObject
@property(nonatomic,copy)NSString* name;
@property(nonatomic,assign)NSInteger age;
@end
#import "People.h"
@implementation People
@synthesize name = _name;
-(NSString *)name
{
return _name;
}
-(void)setName:(NSString *)name
{
_name = name;
}
@end
注意::@property默认给该属性生成getter和setter方法,当getter和setter方法同时被重写时,则系统就不会自动生成getter和setter方法了,也不会自动帮你生成_num变量,所以不会识别。解决办法声明
@synthesize name = _name;
二、内存处理(ARC)
alloc:开辟内存空间,让被开辟的内存空间的引用计数变为1.
assign:赋值属性,不改变引用计数
retain:MRC下让内存空间的引用计数加1.
copy: 把某一内存区域的内容拷贝一份,拷贝到新的内存空间里去,被拷贝区域的引用计数不变,新的内存区域的引用计数为1.必须遵循NSCopying协议
release:MRC下让内存空间的引用计数减1.
autorelease:在缓冲池销毁时让内存空间的引用计数减1.
dealloc:当对象引用计数为0的时候,由对象自动调用.并且如果要有实例变量的话就要重写dealloc方法.重写时先子类后父类。
strong:在ARC下使用相当于retain
@protocol NSCopying
- (id)copyWithZone:(nullable NSZone *)zone;
@end
@protocol NSMutableCopying
- (id)mutableCopyWithZone:(nullable NSZone *)zone;
@end
三、Category、Protocol、 Block
Category扩展iOS原生类使其更加强大
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
@interface UIColor (Hex)
+(UIColor*)colorWithHexString:(NSString*)color;
+(UIColor*)colorWithHexString:(NSString*)color alpha:(CGFloat)alpha;
@end
#import "UIColor+Hex.h"
@implementation UIColor (Hex)
+(UIColor *)colorWithHexString:(NSString *)color alpha:(CGFloat)alpha
{
NSString *cString = [[color stringByTrimmingCharactersInSet:[NSCharacterSet whitespaceAndNewlineCharacterSet]] uppercaseString];
if(cString.length < 6){
return [UIColor clearColor];
}
if([cString hasPrefix:@"0X"]){
cString = [cString substringFromIndex:2];
}
if([cString hasPrefix:@"#"]){
cString = [cString substringFromIndex:1];
}
if (cString.length !=6) {
return [UIColor clearColor];
}
NSRange range;
range.location = 0;
range.length = 2;
NSString *rString = [cString substringWithRange:range];
range.location = 2;
NSString *gString = [cString substringWithRange:range];
range.location = 4;
NSString *bString = [cString substringWithRange:range];
unsigned int r,g,b;
[[NSScanner scannerWithString:rString] scanHexInt:&r];
[[NSScanner scannerWithString:gString]scanHexInt:&g];
[[NSScanner scannerWithString:bString]scanHexInt:&b];
return [UIColor colorWithRed:((float)r/255.0f) green:((float)g/255.0f) blue:((float)b/255.0) alpha:alpha];
}
+(UIColor *)colorWithHexString:(NSString *)color
{
return [self colorWithHexString:color alpha:1.0f];
}
Protocol
@protocol NSCoding
- (void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aCoder;
- (nullable instancetype)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder; // NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER
@end
Extension类内属性和方法不会被继承
#import "XFFBusinessViewController.h"
@interface XFFBusinessViewController ()
@end
@implementation XFFBusinessViewController
@end
Block
Block重命名的写法是
1.将函数方法声明名用()
包裹起来,并在命名方法名前加上^
2.去除返回值类型前的()
#if NS_BLOCKS_AVAILABLE
typedef NSComparisonResult (^NSComparator)(id obj1, id obj2);
#endif
Block值的写法
1.将函数实现部分返回值和方法名替换为^
就可以了。
四、Copy、KVC/KVO
KVC
一个对象在调用setValue的时候,(1)首先根据方法名找到运行方法的时候所需要的环境参数。(2)他会从自己isa指针结合环境参数,找到具体的方法实现的接口。(3)再直接查找得来的具体的方法实现。
@interface NSObject(NSKeyValueCoding)
#if FOUNDATION_SWIFT_SDK_EPOCH_AT_LEAST(8)
@property (class, readonly) BOOL accessInstanceVariablesDirectly;
#endif
- (nullable id)valueForKey:(NSString *)key;
- (void)setValue:(nullable id)value forKey:(NSString *)key;
- (BOOL)validateValue:(inout id _Nullable * _Nonnull)ioValue forKey:(NSString *)inKey error:(out NSError **)outError;
- (NSMutableArray *)mutableArrayValueForKey:(NSString *)key;
- (NSMutableOrderedSet *)mutableOrderedSetValueForKey:(NSString *)key NS_AVAILABLE(10_7, 5_0);
- (NSMutableSet *)mutableSetValueForKey:(NSString *)key;
- (nullable id)valueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath;
- (void)setValue:(nullable id)value forKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath;
- (BOOL)validateValue:(inout id _Nullable * _Nonnull)ioValue forKeyPath:(NSString *)inKeyPath error:(out NSError **)outError;
- (NSMutableArray *)mutableArrayValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath;
- (NSMutableOrderedSet *)mutableOrderedSetValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath NS_AVAILABLE(10_7, 5_0);
- (NSMutableSet *)mutableSetValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath;
- (nullable id)valueForUndefinedKey:(NSString *)key;
- (void)setValue:(nullable id)value forUndefinedKey:(NSString *)key;
- (void)setNilValueForKey:(NSString *)key;
- (NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *)dictionaryWithValuesForKeys:(NSArray<NSString *> *)keys;
- (void)setValuesForKeysWithDictionary:(NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *)keyedValues;
@end
KVO
1)使用了KVC
使用了KVC,如果有访问器方法,则运行时会在访问器方法中调用will/didChangeValueForKey:方法;
没用访问器方法,运行时会在setValue:forKey方法中调用will/didChangeValueForKey:方法。
2)有访问器方法
运行时会重写访问器方法调用will/didChangeValueForKey:方法。
因此,直接调用访问器方法改变属性值时,KVO也能监听到。
3)显示调用will/didChangeValueForKey:方法。
#import "ViewController.h"
#import "People.h"
@interface ViewController ()
@property(nonatomic,strong)People *p;
@end
@implementation ViewController
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
// Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
People *p = [[People alloc]init];
self.p = p;
[p setValue:@"张三" forKey:@"name"];
[p addObserver:self forKeyPath:@"name" options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew context:@"ThisIsMyKVOContextNotSuper"];
}
-(void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath ofObject:(id)object change:(NSDictionary<NSKeyValueChangeKey,id> *)change context:(void *)context
{
if (object == _p && [keyPath isEqualToString:@"name"]) {
}else{
[super observeValueForKeyPath:keyPath ofObject:object change:change context:context];
}
}
- (void)dealloc{
[self.p removeObserver:self forKeyPath:@"name"];
}
@end
五、Foundation框架
1.结构体(NSRange)
typedef struct _NSRange {
NSUInteger location;
NSUInteger length;
} NSRange;
2.NSString
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
/*
NSString : 不可变字符串
NSMutableString : 可变字符串
*/
int main()
{
NSMutableString *s1 = [NSMutableString stringWithFormat:@"my age is 10"];
// 拼接内容到s1的后面
[s1 appendString:@" 11 12"];
// 获取is的范围
NSRange range = [s1 rangeOfString:@"is"];
[s1 deleteCharactersInRange:range];
NSString *s2 = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"age is 10"];
NSString *s3 = [s2 stringByAppendingString:@" 11 12"];
NSLog(@"s1=%@, s2=%@", s1, s2);
return 0;
}
void stringExport()
{
// 字符串的导出
[@"Jack\nJack" writeToFile:@"/Users/apple/Desktop/my.txt" atomically:YES encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];
NSString *str = @"4234234";
NSURL *url = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:@"/Users/apple/Desktop/my2.txt"];
[str writeToURL:url atomically:YES encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];
}
void stringCreate()
{
/*
1.字符串的创建
*/
NSString *s1 = @"jack";
//NSString *s2 = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:@"jack"];
NSString *s3 = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"age is %d", 10];
// C字符串 --> OC字符串
NSString *s4 = [[NSString alloc] initWithUTF8String:"jack"];
// OC字符串 --> C字符串
const char *cs = [s4 UTF8String];
// NSUTF8StringEncoding 用到中文就可以用这种编码
NSString *s5 = [[NSString alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:@"/Users/apple/Desktop/1.txt" encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];
// URL : 资源路径
// 协议头://路径
// file://
// ftp://
// http://weibo.com/a.png
// http://www.baidu.com
// NSURL *url = [[NSURL alloc] initWithString:@"file:///Users/apple/Desktop/1.txt"];
NSURL *url = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:@"/Users/apple/Desktop/1.txt"];
NSString *s6 = [[NSString alloc] initWithContentsOfURL:url encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];
NSLog(@"s6=\n%@", s6);
/*
一般都会有一个类方法跟对象方法配对
[NSURL URLWithString:<#(NSString *)#>];
[NSString stringWithFormat:@""];
[NSString stringWithContentsOfFile:<#(NSString *)#> encoding:<#(NSStringEncoding)#> error:<#(NSError *__autoreleasing *)#>];
*/
}
3.NSArray
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Person.h"
/*
NSArray :不可变数组
NSMutableArray : 可变数组
*/
int main()
{
// @[] 只创建不可变数组NSArray
/* 错误写法
NSMutableArray *array = @[@"jack", @"rose"];
[array addObject:@"jim"];
*/
//NSArray *array = @[@"jack", @"rose"];
return 0;
}
// 可变数组的基本使用
void use3()
{
NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@"rose", @"jim", nil];
// 添加元素
[array addObject:[[Person alloc] init]];
[array addObject:@"jack"];
// 删除元素
//[array removeAllObjects];
// 删除指定的对象
// [array removeObject:@"jack"];
[array removeObjectAtIndex:0];
// 错误写法
// [array addObject:nil];
NSLog(@"%@", array);
NSLog(@"%ld", array.count);
}
// 遍历数组
void use2()
{
Person *p = [[Person alloc] init];
NSArray *array = @[p, @"rose", @"jack"];
// for (int i = 0; i<array.count; i++)
// {
// NSLog(@"%@", array[i]);
// }
// id obj代表着数组中的每一个元素
//int i = 0;
// for (id obj in array)
// {
// // 找出obj元素在数组中的位置
// NSUInteger i = [array indexOfObject:obj];
//
// NSLog(@"%ld - %@", i, obj);
// //i++;
//
// if (i==1)
// {
// break;
// }
// }
[array enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:
// 每遍历到一个元素,就会调用一次block
// 并且当前元素和索引位置当做参数传给block
^(id obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop)
{
NSLog(@"%ld - %@", idx, obj);
if (idx == 0)
{
// 停止遍历
*stop = YES;
}
}];
// void ^(myblock)(id, NSUInteger, BOOL *) = ^(id obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop)
// {
// NSLog(@"%ld - %@", idx, obj);
//
//
// if (idx == 0)
// {
// // 停止遍历
// *stop = YES;
// }
// };
//
// for (int i = 0; i<array.count; i++)
// {
// // 用来标记是否需要停止遍历
// BOOL isStop = NO;
//
// // 取出元素
// id obj = array[i];
//
// myblock(obj, i, &isStop);
//
//
// if (isStop)
// {
// break;
// }
// }
}
void use()
{
/*
int a = 5;
int ages[10] = {1, 90, 89, 17};
Person *p = [[Person alloc] init];
Person *persons[5] = {p, [[Person alloc] init]};
*/
// OC数组不能存放nil值
// OC数组只能存放OC对象、不能存放非OC对象类型,比如int、struct、enum等
// 这个array永远是空数组
// NSArray *array = [NSArray array];
/*
1.NSArray的创建
*/
NSArray *array2 = [NSArray arrayWithObject:@"jack"];
// nil是数组元素结束的标记
NSArray *array3 = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"jack", @"rose", nil];
// [array2 count];
//NSArray *array4 = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"jack", @"rose", @"4324324", nil];
// 快速创建一个NSArray对象
NSArray *array4 = @[@"jack", @"rose", @"4324324"];
/*
2.NSArray的元素个数
*/
NSLog(@"%ld", array3.count);
/*
3.NSArray中元素的访问
*/
NSLog(@"%@", [array3 objectAtIndex:1]);
//array3[1];
NSLog(@"%@", array3[0]);
}
4.NSFileManager
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
// 计算文件的代码行数
/*
path : 文件的全路径(可能是文件夹、也可能是文件)
返回值 int :代码行数
*/
NSUInteger codeLineCount(NSString *path)
{
// 1.获得文件管理者
NSFileManager *mgr = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
// 2.标记是否为文件夹
BOOL dir = NO; // 标记是否为文件夹
// 标记这个路径是否存在
BOOL exist = [mgr fileExistsAtPath:path isDirectory:&dir];
// 3.如果不存在,直接返回0
if(!exist)
{
NSLog(@"文件路径不存在!!!!!!");
return 0;
}
// 代码能来到着,说明路径存在
if (dir)
{ // 文件夹
// 获得当前文件夹path下面的所有内容(文件夹、文件)
NSArray *array = [mgr contentsOfDirectoryAtPath:path error:nil];
// 定义一个变量保存path中所有文件的总行数
int count = 0;
// 遍历数组中的所有子文件(夹)名
for (NSString *filename in array)
{
// 获得子文件(夹)的全路径
NSString *fullPath = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@/%@", path, filename];
// 累加每个子路径的总行数
count += codeLineCount(fullPath);
}
return count;
}
else
{ // 文件
// 判断文件的拓展名(忽略大小写)
NSString *extension = [[path pathExtension] lowercaseString];
if (![extension isEqualToString:@"h"]
&& ![extension isEqualToString:@"m"]
&& ![extension isEqualToString:@"c"])
{
// 文件拓展名不是h,而且也不是m,而且也不是c
return 0;
}
// 加载文件内容
NSString *content = [NSString stringWithContentsOfFile:path encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];
// 将文件内容切割为每一行
NSArray *array = [content componentsSeparatedByString:@"\n"];
// 删掉文件路径前面的/Users/apple/Desktop/iOS课堂共享/0722课堂共享/
NSRange range = [path rangeOfString:@"/Users/apple/Desktop/iOS课堂共享/0722课堂共享/"];
NSString *str = [path stringByReplacingCharactersInRange:range withString:@""];
// 打印文件路径和行数
NSLog(@"%@ - %ld", str, array.count);
return array.count;
}
}
int main()
{
NSUInteger count = codeLineCount(@"/Users/apple/Desktop/iOS课堂共享/0722课堂共享");
NSLog(@"%ld", count);
return 0;
}
void test()
{
NSString *str = @"jack\nrose\njim\njake";
[str writeToFile:@"/Users/apple/Desktop/abc.txt" atomically:YES encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];
NSArray *array = [str componentsSeparatedByString:@"\n"];
for (NSString *line in array)
{
NSLog(@"%@", line);
}
//int count = codeLineCount(@"/Users/apple/Desktop/iOS课堂共享/0722课堂共享/0811/代码/04-block/04-block/main.m");
//NSLog(@"count=%d", count);
}
5.NSSet
/*
NSSet和NSArray的对比
1> 共同点
* 都是集合,都能存放多个OC对象
* 只能存放OC对象,不能存放非OC对象类型(基本数据类型:int、char、float等,结构体,枚举)
* 本身都不可变,都有一个可变的子类
2> 不同点
* NSArray有顺序,NSSet没有顺序
*/
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
int main()
{
NSMutableSet *s = [NSMutableSet set];
// 添加元素
[s addObject:@"hack"];
// 删除元素
// [s removeObject:<#(id)#>];
return 0;
}
// set的基本使用
void test()
{
NSSet *s = [NSSet set];
NSSet *s2 = [NSSet setWithObjects:@"jack",@"rose", @"jack2",@"jack3",nil];
// 随机拿出一个元素
NSString *str = [s2 anyObject];
NSLog(@"%@", str);
//NSLog(@"%ld", s2.count);
}
6.NSDictionary
/*
集合
1.NSArray\NSMutableArray
* 有序
* 快速创建(不可变):@[obj1, obj2, obj3]
* 快速访问元素:数组名[i]
2.NSSet\NSMutableSet
* 无序
3.NSDictionary\NSMutableDictionary
* 无序
* 快速创建(不可变):@{key1 : value1, key2 : value2}
* 快速访问元素:字典名[key]
*/
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
int main()
{
NSArray *persons = @[
@{@"name" : @"jack", @"qq" : @"432423423", @"books": @[@"5分钟突破iOS编程", @"5分钟突破android编程"]},
@{@"name" : @"rose", @"qq" : @"767567"},
@{@"name" : @"jim", @"qq" : @"423423"},
@{@"name" : @"jake", @"qq" : @"123123213"}
];
//
// NSDictionary *jim = persons[2];
//
NSString *bookName = persons[0][@"books"][1];
NSLog(@"%@", bookName);
//NSArray *array = persons[0][@"books"];
//NSLog(@"%@", array);
// 先取出1位置对应的字典
// 再取出字典中qq这个key对应的数据
//NSLog(@"%@", persons[1][@"qq"]);
// NSLog(@"%@", jim);
return 0;
}
void use4()
{
// 字典不允许有相同的key,但允许有相同的value(Object)
// 字典的无序的
NSDictionary *dict = @{
@"address" : @"北京",
@"name" : @"jack",
@"name2" : @"jack",
@"name3" : @"jack",
@"qq" : @"7657567765"};
// NSArray *keys = [dict allKeys];
//
// for (int i = 0; i<dict.count; i++)
// {
// NSString *key = keys[i];
// NSString *object = dict[key];
//
//
// NSLog(@"%@ = %@", key, object);
// }
[dict enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:
^(id key, id obj, BOOL *stop) {
NSLog(@"%@ - %@", key, obj);
// *stop = YES;
}];
}
void use3()
{
NSMutableDictionary *dict = @{@"name" : @"jack"};
[dict setObject:@"rose" forKey:@"name"];
}
void use2()
{
NSMutableDictionary *dict = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
// 添加键值对
[dict setObject:@"jack" forKey:@"name"];
[dict setObject:@"北京" forKey:@"address"];
[dict setObject:@"rose" forKey:@"name"];
// 移除键值对
// [dict removeObjectForKey:<#(id)#>];
NSString *str = dict[@"name"];
//NSLog(@"%@", str);
NSLog(@"%@", dict);
//NSLog(@"%@", @[@"jack", @"rose"]);
}
void use()
{
/*
字典:
key ----> value
索引 ----> 文字内容
里面存储的东西都是键值对
*/
// NSDictionary *dict = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:@"jack" forKey:@"name"];
// NSArray *keys = @[@"name", @"address"];
// NSArray *objects = @[@"jack", @"北京"];
// NSDictionary *dict = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjects:objects forKeys:keys];
/*
NSDictionary *dict = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:
@"jack", @"name",
@"北京", @"address",
@"32423434", @"qq", nil];*/
NSDictionary *dict = @{@"name" : @"jack", @"address" : @"北京"};
// id obj = [dict objectForKey:@"name"];
id obj = dict[@"name"];
NSLog(@"%@", obj);
// 返回的是键值对的个数
NSLog(@"%ld", dict.count);
}
7.NSNumber
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
int main()
{
// @20 将 20包装成一个NSNumber对像
NSArray *array = @[
@{@"name" : @"jack", @"age" : @20},
@{@"name" : @"rose", @"age" : @25},
@{@"name" : @"jim", @"age" : @27}
];
// 将各种基本数据类型包装成NSNumber对象
@10.5;
@YES;
@'A'; // NSNumber对象
@"A"; // NSString对象
// 将age变量包装成NSNumber对象
int age = 100;
@(age);
//[NSNumber numberWithInt:age];
NSNumber *n = [NSNumber numberWithDouble:10.5];
int d = [n doubleValue];
int a = 20;
// @"20"
NSString *str = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d", a];
NSLog(@"%d", [str intValue]);
return 0;
}
void test()
{
NSNumber *num = [NSNumber numberWithInt:10];
NSDictionary *dict = @{
@"name" : @"jack",
@"age" : num
};
NSNumber *num2 = dict[@"age"];
int a = [num2 intValue];
NSLog(@"%d" , a);
}
8.NSDate
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
int main()
{
// 09/10/2011
NSString *time = @"2011/09/10 18:56";
NSDateFormatter *formatter = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];
formatter.dateFormat = @"yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm";
NSDate *date = [formatter dateFromString:time];
NSLog(@"%@", date);
return 0;
}
void date2string()
{
NSDate *date = [NSDate date];
// 日期格式化类
NSDateFormatter *formatter = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];
// y 年 M 月 d 日
// m 分 s 秒 H (24)时 h(12)时
formatter.dateFormat = @"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss";
NSString *str = [formatter stringFromDate:date];
NSLog(@"%@", str);
}
void use()
{
// 创建一个时间对象
NSDate *date = [NSDate date];
// 打印出的时候是0时区的时间(北京-东8区)
NSLog(@"%@", date);
NSDate *date2 = [NSDate dateWithTimeInterval:5 sinceDate:date];
// 从1970开始走过的秒数
NSTimeInterval seconds = [date2 timeIntervalSince1970];
// [date2 timeIntervalSinceNow];
}
9.NSValue
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
// NSNumber之所以能包装基本数据类型为对象,是因为继承了NSValue
int main()
{
// 结构体--->OC对象
CGPoint p = CGPointMake(10, 10);
// 将结构体转为Value对象
NSValue *value = [NSValue valueWithPoint:p];
// 将value转为对应的结构体
// [value pointValue];
NSArray *array = @[value ];
// insert code here...
// NSLog(@"这是哥修改过的东西6");
return 0;
}