Day8 单词作业
1. cyber-thieve
cyber-: involving, using or relating to computers, especially the Internet
cybercrime
2. Bangladesh
孟加拉共和国
3. takeover
▲ when a company gets control of another company by buying most of its shares
They were involved in a takeover last year.
▲ make a takeover bid for sth.
to try to get control of something
The company made a takeover bid for a rival firm.
4. derail
▲[I or T] If a train derails or is derailed, it comes off the railway tracks.
▲[T] to prevent a plan or process from succeeding
Renewed fighting threatens to derail the peace talks.
4. interfere
▲ to involve yourself in a situation when your involvement is not wanted or is not helpful
It's their problem and I'm not going to interfere.
▲ interfere with sth
1.to prevent something from working effectively or from developing successfully
Even a low level of noise interferes with my concentration.
2.If something interferes with radio or television signals, it stops you from getting good sound or pictures.
interfere with sb [disapproving] [BrE]
to touch a child in a sexual manner
He was sent to prison for interfering with little boys.
5. extortion
▲forcing someone into giving you something through threats.
He was found guilty of obtaining the money by extortion (= by forceful methods).
6. vulnerable
▲ able to be easily physically, emotionally, or mentally hurt, influenced or attacked
I felt very vulnerable, standing there without any clothes on.
7. Internet of Things
物联网
8. prosthetic
Use the adjective prosthetic to describe something that has to do with an artificial body part.
prosthetics
the branch of medicine dealing with the production and use of artificial body parts.
9. insulin
a hormone in the body which controls the amount of sugar in the blood=胰岛素
She has to have insulin injections for her diabetes.
10. pump
▲ [DEIVICE] a piece of equipment which is used to cause liquid, air or gas to move from one place to another
a water/bicycle/fuel pump
a [UK] petrol/ [US] gas pump
▲ [SHOE] [usually plural] US(UKcourt shoe) a type of plain shoe with a raised heel and no way of fastening it to the foot which is worn by women. Like a ballet dancer's shoe, which is worn by women
▲ [LIQUID/GAS] [T usually + adverb or preposition] to force liquid or gas to move somewhere
Our latest machine can pump a hundred gallons a minute.
▲ [INFORMATION] [T]informalto keep asking someone for information, especially in a way that is not direct
She was pumping me for details of the new project.
11. MRI
Magnetic Resonance Imaging磁共振成像
12. gadget
▲a small device or machine with a particular purpose
kitchen gadgets
Have you seen this handy little gadget - it's for separating egg yolks from whites.
13. trustworthy
▲able to be trusted
14. counterpart
▲a person or thing which has the same purpose as another one in a different place or organisation
The Prime Minister is to meet his European counterparts to discuss the war against drugs.
15. pacemaker
▲(also pace-setter) the person or animal that establishes the speed in a race, or a person or organisation that is an example for others by being successful
▲a small device which is put inside someone's chest in order to help their heart beat at the correct speed
16. wizardry
▲ Someone who possesses wizardry is someone who is amazing at what they do, especially if what they do requires creativity.
Using their high-tech wizardry, the police were able to locate the owners of the stolen property within hours of it being seized.
17. vigilance
▲more careful attention, especially in order to notice a possible danger
The police said that it was thanks to the vigilance of a neighbour that the fire was discovered before it could spread.
18. cultivated
▲ describes someone who has had a good education and knows a lot about and likes art, music, painting, etc.
▲ describes land which is used to grow crops
cultivated fields/soil/land
19. paranoia
▲ [CorU] an extreme and unreasonable feeling that other people do not like you or are going to harm or criticise you
There's a lot of paranoia about crime at the moment.
▲ [U] Someone who has paranoia has unreasonable false beliefs as a part of another mental illness, for example, schizophrenia精神分裂症.
20. stripe
▲ a narrow marking of a different colour or texture from the background
May the Stars and Stripes forever wave.
▲ [formal] of every stripe= of all types
Governments of every stripe(= of all political opinions)have a bad habit of interfering in state broadcasting.
21. bounty
▲ [REWARD] [C] a sum of money paid as a reward
A bounty of $10 000 has been offered for the capture of his murderer.
▲ [KINDNESS] [U] literary great kindness or willingness to give
The charity is totally dependent on the Church's bounty.
▲ [PLENTY] [C usually singular]a large amount
a bounty of food
22. flaw
▲ a fault, mistake or weakness, especially one that happens while something is being planned or made, or which causes something not to be perfect
I returned the material because it had a flaw in it.
▲ to cause something to be not perfect
A tiny mark flawed the otherwise perfect silk shirt.
23. illicit
▲illegal or disapproved of by society
illicit drugs such as cocaine and cannabis
24. afterthought
▲noun[C usually singular] an idea, thought or plan which was not originally intended but is
thought of at a later time
She only asked me to her party as an afterthought.
25. despair
▲the feeling that there is no hope and that you can do nothing to improve a difficult or worrying situation
a mood/sense of despair
26. incentive
▲something which encourages a person to do something
Tax incentives have been very effective in encouraging people to save and invest more of their income.
▲ [ + to infinitive] There is little incentive for people to leave their cars at home when public transport remains so expensive.
27. encryption
▲ encryption is the process of translating something into a code, so that data is protected, hidden, or concealed.
28. expertise
▲a high level of knowledge or skill
We admired the expertise with which he prepared the meal.
I have no expertise in sewing/sewing expertise.
29. rein
▲a long thin piece of material, especially leather, which helps you to control and direct a horse
You pull on both reins to stop or slow a horse, but only the left rein to turn left.
▲UKa strap which is put around a small child's body or wrist and held at the other end by an adult so that the adult can stop the child running away
I always put my son on reins when we go shopping.
free rein
▲the freedom to do, say or feel what you want
The young film-makers were given free rein to experiment with new themes and techniques.
30. hamper
▲ to prevent someone doing something easily
Fierce storms have been hampering rescue efforts and there is now little chance of finding more survivors.
31. gizmo
▲ A gizmo is a device used for a specific job
A vacuum is a gizmo that cleans the floor.
32. malware
▲ computer software that is designed to damage the way a computer works
33. moot
▲ to suggest something for discussion
The idea was first mooted as long ago as the 1840s.
34. lax
▲without much care, attention or control; not severe or strong enough
He took a gun through baggage control to highlight the lax security.
35. excoriated
▲to state the opinion that a play, a book, a political action, etc. is very bad
His latest novel received excoriating reviews.
36. fatality
▲ a death caused by an accident or by violence, or someone who has died in either of these ways
Britain has thousands of road fatalities(= deaths on roads)every year.
Day9 思维导图+神句翻译
【神句组】
1.It is tempting to believe that the security problem can be solved with yet more technical wizardry and a call for heightened vigilance.
人们有理由相信，安全问题可以用更多的精湛技术以及高警惕性来解决。
通过利用更多尖端技术并提高警觉能解决安全问题——这一想法十分诱人。
注:分割长句,保留原意的同时,令译文读起来更加顺畅.
2.That requires a kind of cultivated paranoia which does not come naturally to non-tech firms.
这就要求一种有意识的警戒心，尽管这种警戒心对那些非科技公司来说并不是它们本身原有的。
这就需要一种刻意培养的偏执，但非技术型的公司并不会自然而然的具备这一特质。
Cultivated paranoia字面意思指培养偏执，Cultivate培养，指有意识的形成某一特点，paranoia偏执，联系后面一句，提到所有的公司都应该积极主动检查漏洞，在问题发生之前及时修补，就好似平时我们说的偏执强迫症，可能明明门窗都关好了，但是出门前还得再三检查一下，由于出错的代价巨大，对于IT方面的漏洞就应该重视到近乎偏执，但是非技术公司一般都没有这样的传统习惯。
3.Such weaknesses are compounded by the history of the internet, in which security was an afterthought.
在互联网的发展史上，“安全”是马后炮，这使得这种弱点更加复杂。
互联网的历史使得这一弱点雪上加霜，一直以来，人们都是事后才会考虑安全性的问题．
4.Computer security is best served by encryption that is strong for everyone.
通过加密来保证计算机安全对于每个人而言都是最好的。
为所有人提供强化加密是最有利于计算机安全的.
Bebest served by是一个非常常见的词组,表示最有利的是….
Eg. Rather than supportAmerica, European “allies” increasingly see theirnational interests best served bydistancing themselves from the US asmuch as possible./This suggests thatsmall, open economiesmay be best served byfixed exchange rates.
5.A firm that takes reasonable steps to make things safe, but which is compromised nevertheless, will have recourse to an insurance payout that will stop it from going bankrupt.
一家采取合理措施来保证安全性的公司会依靠保险来确保它不会破产，而这将使得它的这一措施效果打折。
采取合理措施加强安全但仍然受到侵害的公司,可以向保险公司索赔以避免破产。
6.But setting minimum standards still gets you only so far.
但设置最低标准的话会限制你的脚步。
但是制定最低标准的作用也很局限。
Get you far表示作用巨大，而get you only so far则表示作用有限.
Eg. Buthard work willonly get you so far, the restis genetic, according to an expert.
Clear and powerful writing is a rare skill in business, and it will get you far.
虽然正反都可以用，但还是否定出现的频率更高。
7.Silicon Vally's “go fast and break things” style of innovation is possible only if firms have relatively free rein to put out new products while they still need perfecting.
Silicon Vally的“疾走如飞，打破常规”的创新风格只有当公司拥有对生产新产品能够自由控制的时候才是可能实现的。
硅谷“快速行动勇于突破”的创新理念行得通的前提在于:公司有相对自由的权利推出尚未完善的产品。
Put out=launch也是高频词。发布新产品：launch/putout a new product
【神词组】
1. Take security serious enough
对安全足够重视
And it is certainly true that many firms still fail to take security seriously enough.
2. Take advantage of
利用
Companies of all stripes should embrace initiatives like “bug bounty” programs, whereby firmsreward ethical hackers for discoveringflawsso that they can be fixed before they are taken advantage of.
3. Point of illicit entry
非法进入点
The average program has 14 separate vulnerabilities, each of them a potential point of illicit entry. Such weaknesses are compounded by the history of the internet, in which security was an afterthought.
4. Create incentives for safer behavior
为更安全的行为创造动机
But societies have developed ways of managing such risk—from government regulation to the use oflegal liability and insurance to create incentives for safer behaviour.
5. Refrain from doing sth
不做某事，阻止做某事
Governments’ firstpriority is to refrain from making the situation worse.
6. Spark calls for
激发对……呼声
Terrorist attacks, like the recent ones inSt Petersburg andLondon, often spark calls for encryption to be weakened so that the security services can better monitor what individuals are up to.
7. Hamper the ability of
削弱……的能力
A lack of expertise will always hamper the ability of users of computers to protect themselves.
8. Oblige sb to do sth
强制某人做某事
Reporting laws, already in force in some American states, can oblige companies to disclose when they or their products are hacked.anguag.
9. Disclaim liability for
赦免……的责任
Most important, the software industry has for decades disclaimed liability for the harm when its products go wrong.
10. Draw comparisons to
与……进行对比
Many computer-security experts draw comparisons to the American car industry in the 1960s, which had ignored safety for decades.
11. Lax attitude
松懈的态度
In 1965 RalphNader published“Unsafe at Any Speed”, a best-selling book that exposed and excoriated the industry's lax attitude.
12. Come down hard with
严厉惩罚
The following year the government came down hard with rules on seat belts, head rests and the like.
【思维导图】
Day10 总结回顾
最近几天忙起来了~说实话没法有太多时间精读文章，这篇文章有些一知半解，没有上一篇文章那种对文章脉络了然于心的感觉。
虽然很感到抱歉，但也只能说有机会再读一遍——！
