Day 1:Words & Phrases
１.Cable
the system of sending television programmes or telephone signals along wires under the ground （电视节目或电话讯号的）有线传输系统
• cable TV有线电视
• This channel is only available on cable.这个频道只有透过有线电视才能收到。
2.Tick off
If you tick off items on a list, you write a tick or other mark next to them, in order to show that they have been dealt with. 在…上打钩
• He ticked off my name on a piece of paper.他在一张纸上我的名字旁打了钩。
• Tick it off in the box.在方框里打钩。
3.Pitfall
a danger or difficulty, especially six that is hidden or not obvious at first危险；困难；(尤指)陷阱,隐患
• He also points out that forward planning can help avoid stressful pitfalls.他也指出，预先计划可有助于消除令人不安的隐患。
• There's a video that tells new students about pitfalls to avoid.有一部影片告诫新生应避免犯哪些错误。
4.Nudge
to reach or make sth reach a particular level (使)达到,接近
• Inflation is nudging 20%. 通货膨胀即将达到 20%
• Peter must be nudging 40 now.彼得现在肯定将近40岁了
5.Beef up
If you beef up something, you increase, strengthen, or improve it. 改善；加强；改进；提高
• a campaign to beef up security.加强安全的运动
• a beefed up police presence.有所增强的警力
6.Whinge
to complain in an annoying way about something unimportant. 抱怨，发牢骚
• Oh stop whinging, for heaven's sake!哎哟，看在老天爷的份上，你就别抱怨了！
• people who whine and whinge about their alleged misfortunes..那些哭诉和抱怨他们的所谓不幸的人们
7.Entice
to persuade sb / sth to go somewhere or to do sth, usually by offering them sth 诱使；引诱
• The bargain prices are expected to entice customers away from other stores.
低廉的价格意在把顾客从其他商店吸引过来。
• The animal refused to be enticed from its hole.
那只动物怎么引诱也不肯出洞。
8.Prophecy
a statement that says what is going to happen in the future, especially one which is based on what you believe about a particular matter rather than existing facts （尤指基于主观判断的）预言
• The minister suggested that the dire prophecies of certain leading environmentalists were somewhat exaggerated.部长暗示说某些很有影响的环保人士所作的可怕预言在一定程度上有些夸张。
• These doom and gloom prophecies are doing little to help the economy.这些悲观的预言对经济毫无帮助。
9.Breadth
The breadth of something is its quality of consisting of or involving many different things 广度；广泛性
• Older people have a tremendous breadth of experience.年长者阅历相当丰富。
• His breadth of knowledge filled me with admiration.他学识渊博，令我非常钦佩。
10. Chip away
remove or withdraw gradually 蚕食；削弱；逐步瓦解
• They chipped away at the power of the government (= gradually made it weaker).
他们不断削弱政府的权力。。
11.Account for
to form a particular amount or part of something（数量或比例上）占
• Computers account for 5% of the country's commercial electricity consumption. 计算机占去该国商业用电的5%。
• The former bookseller accounts for more than half of every new dollar spent on line in U.S. 美国新增线上交易中,书商起家的亚马逊占到一半以上份额。
12.Quadruple
being four times as much or as many四倍的
• This year we produced quadruple the amount produced in 2002.
我们今年的产量是 2002 年的四倍。
• We have had quadruple the number of applicants we expected.申请人数是我们预计的四倍。
13.Equivalent
If one amount or value is the equivalent of another, they are the same. 等同物;等值物；对应物
• The equivalent of two tablespoons of oils is ample each day.
每天相当于两大汤匙油的量就足够了。
• Even the cheapest car costs the equivalent of 70 years' salary for a government worker.
即使是最便宜的汽车，价格也相当于一个公务员70年的薪水了。
14.Justify
To justify a decision, action, or idea means to show or prove that it is reasonable or necessary. 证明（决定、行为或想法）正当；表明…必要
• No argument can justify a war.任何理由都不能为战争开脱。
• Ministers agreed that this decision was fully justified by economic conditions. 部长们一致同意，这个决定完全符合经济情况。
15.Sustain
If something sustains you, it supports you by giving you help, strength, or encouragement. 支持;支援;救济
• Sustained by this wonderful breakfast, it was with restored morale that we re-boarded our plane.
这顿丰盛的早餐补充了我们的体力，我们又精神焕发地登上了飞机。
• She was sustained by the strength of her religious faith.宗教信仰的力量支撑着她。
16.Debacle
an event or a situation that is a complete failure and causes embarrassment 大败；崩溃；垮台；灾祸
• The collapse of the company was described as the greatest financial debacle in US history.那间公司的破产被称为美国历史上最大的一场金融灾难。
• The convention was a debacle. 这次大会开得非常失败。
17.Crank out
to produce a lot of something very quickly. 大量制造
• The writer must have cranked it out in his lunch-hour.作者一定是在午饭时间把它赶出来的。
18.Pristine
Pristine things are extremely clean or new. 新的，一尘不染的
• Washing machine for sale - only 2 months old and in pristine condition.出售洗衣机——只用了两个月，完好如新。
• pristine white shirts. 崭新的白衬衫
19.Applaud
to say that you admire and agree with a person's action or decision 赞许，称赞；赞成
• We applaud the family's decision to remain silent over the issue. 我们非常赞赏这一家人对此事保持沉默的决定。
• He should be applauded for his courage. 他的勇气值得称道。
延伸：
１、Account for表示占比时还可用 The proportion of sth is A%或, the ratio of sth is A%， Sth is A percent来替换
２、文中用quadrupl表示四倍，还可以用类似用fourfold, four times as many as...,four times+比较级来表达
３、表示上升除了文中用的Jump还可以用rise, soar, go up, increase, climb,grow, upward。表示下跌则可以用slump, fall, decline, drop, plummet, go down来表示
Day 2:Translation
1. The former bookseller accounts for more than half of every new dollar spent on line in U.S.
自翻：这个昔日的书商占了美国在线购物超一半的份额
笃师翻：美国新增线上交易中,书商起家的亚马逊占到一半以上份额。
差别在于：书商起家比昔日书商更到位。新增线上交易更贴切文中的every new dollar
2. With a market capitalization of some 400bn, it is the fifth most valuable firm in the world.
自翻：其市场资本总额达到了约4000亿，亚马逊己成为世界第五大市值的公司。
笃师翻：亚马逊以约4000亿美元的市值排名全球第五。
差别在于：市场资本总额即为市值，二句并一句，笃师的版名更简练。
3. Never before has a company been worth so much for so long while making so little money: 92% of its value is due to profits expected after 2020.
自翻：之前从未有公司拥有如此高的市值和如此低之利润：它市值的92%都是寄望在2020年后营利。
笃师翻：从未有过一家公司能在盈利如此有限的情况下，长久维持如此之高的估值：其中92%来自2020年以后的盈利预期。
差别在于：自己有漏翻现象，未将company前的a, for so long翻译出来。“2020年以后的盈利预期”比自翻的‘寄望在2020年后营利’要专业简练多了
4. In an era when executives routinely whinge about pressure to produce short-term results, Amazon is resolutely focused on the distant horizon.
自翻：在这样一个高管经常抱怨要产出短期结果的时代，亚马逊决心要专注于放眼长远。
笃师翻：当今时代，主管们常常抱怨实现短期目标压力太大，而亚马逊则坚定不移的聚焦长远目标。
差别在于：漏翻。。。未翻出原文中的pressure，另外resolutely作副词应该如笃师那样翻成“坚定不移的”，自翻的“决心要”，就是误把resolutely作为动词翻了。
5. Mr. Bezos emphasizes continual investment to propel its two principal businesses.
自翻：Bezos先生着重用持续的投资来推动亚马逊下旗下两个最重要的生意。
笃师翻：贝索斯先生重视两大核心业务的持续投资以促进发展
差别在于：关键点是two principal business应翻成两大核心业务
Logic Lines
逻辑导图：
由于自己是第一次做思维导图，做出来效果非常simple。。。根据June讲解的语音，自己逻辑脉络是OK的，但对比笃师的导图：
１、自己的细节概括得不够到位，有些细节点未在导图中体现；
２、对Xmind软件操作不熟，不太熟悉思维导图的模式，还要多摸索。
Day 3: 总结反思
第一篇文章阅读经验总结：
１、看段落要着重看第一句和最后一句；看文章要注意第一段和最后一段；
２、作者为了体现其公正性，一般都会介绍完好的地方，再介绍不好的地方，有种一推一拉的感觉。自己看文时要明白作者的重点在哪，主要观点是什么。
文章总结：
文章结构大体分为三大块：
１、描述亚马逊是一个伟大的公司，通过公司市值，股票价格，销售额等数据配合作者的分析来说明亚马逊如何伟大；
２、开始分析亚马逊之所以伟大的两个主要原因：目标长远，多元化发展。对这两个主要原因一一介绍分析；
３、但亚马逊也存在问题: 一旦亚马逊业务开始成熟并获得巨大成功，亚马逊公司就有可能招至政府在反垄断和商业模式两方面的监管
背景阅读有感：
亚马逊对于他的竞争对手来说就像是鲶鱼效应中的鲶鱼。竞争对手必须得优化自己让自己的产品更加价低物美，否则就要在市场中挣扎。
The catfish effect is the effect that a strong competitor has in causing the weak to better themselves.
In Norway, live sardines are several times more expensive than frozen ones, and are valued for better texture and flavor. It was said that only one ship could bring live sardine home, and the shipmaster kept his method a secret. After he died, people found that there was one catfish in the tank. The catfish keeps swimming, and the sardines try to avoid this predator. This increased level of activity keeps the sardines active instead of becoming sedentary.
