转载 https://my.oschina.net/huanghaibin/blog/3106432
我们App的适配从 targetSdkVersion = 26跨版本升级到29,因此会遇到大量的坑,最终的版本配置如下:
现在进入填坑适配指南,包含实际经验代码,绝不照搬翻译文档
1.Region.Op相关异常:java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Invalid Region.Op - only INTERSECT and DIFFERENCE are allowed
当 targetSdkVersion >= Build.VERSION_CODES.P 时调用 canvas.clipPath(path, Region.Op.XXX); 引起的异常,参考源码如下:
@Deprecated
public boolean clipPath(@NonNull Path path, @NonNull Region.Op op) {
checkValidClipOp(op);
return nClipPath(mNativeCanvasWrapper, path.readOnlyNI(), op.nativeInt);
}
private static void checkValidClipOp(@NonNull Region.Op op) {
if (sCompatiblityVersion >= Build.VERSION_CODES.P
&& op != Region.Op.INTERSECT && op != Region.Op.DIFFERENCE) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"Invalid Region.Op - only INTERSECT and DIFFERENCE are allowed");
}
}
我们可以看到当目标版本从Android P开始,Canvas.clipPath(@NonNull Path path, @NonNull Region.Op op) ; 已经被废弃,而且是包含异常风险的废弃API,只有 Region.Op.INTERSECT 和 Region.Op.DIFFERENCE 得到兼容,目前不清楚google此举目的如何,仅仅如此简单就抛出异常提示开发者适配,几乎所有的博客解决方案都是如下简单粗暴:
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.P) {
canvas.clipPath(path);
} else {
canvas.clipPath(path, Region.Op.XOR);// REPLACE、UNION 等
}
但我们一定需要一些高级逻辑运算效果怎么办?如小说的仿真翻页阅读效果,解决方案如下,用Path.op代替,先运算Path,再给canvas.clipPath:
if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.P){
Path mPathXOR = new Path();
mPathXOR.moveTo(0,0);
mPathXOR.lineTo(getWidth(),0);
mPathXOR.lineTo(getWidth(),getHeight());
mPathXOR.lineTo(0,getHeight());
mPathXOR.close();
//以上根据实际的Canvas或View的大小,画出相同大小的Path即可
mPathXOR.op(mPath0, Path.Op.XOR);
canvas.clipPath(mPathXOR);
}else {
canvas.clipPath(mPath0, Region.Op.XOR);
}
2.明文HTTP限制
当 targetSdkVersion >= Build.VERSION_CODES.P 时,默认限制了HTTP请求,并出现相关日志:
java.net.UnknownServiceException: CLEARTEXT communication to xxx not permitted by network security policy
第一种解决方案:在AndroidManifest.xml中Application添加如下节点代码
<application android:usesCleartextTraffic="true">
第二种解决方案:在res目录新建xml目录,已建的跳过 在xml目录新建一个xml文件network_security_config.xml,然后在AndroidManifest.xml中Application添加如下节点代码
android:networkSecurityConfig="@xml/network_config"
名字随机,内容如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<network-security-config>
<base-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true" />
</network-security-config>
3.Android Q(10)中的媒体资源读写
相关的Android Q 行为变更不做细说,网上大部分博客关于Android Q 适配都在说行为变更,我们将根据实际遇到的问题,实际解决
1、扫描系统相册、视频等,图片、视频选择器都是通过ContentResolver来提供,主要代码如下:
private static final String[] IMAGE_PROJECTION = {
MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA,
MediaStore.Images.Media.DISPLAY_NAME,
MediaStore.Images.Media._ID,
MediaStore.Images.Media.BUCKET_ID,
MediaStore.Images.Media.BUCKET_DISPLAY_NAME};
Cursor imageCursor = mContext.getContentResolver().query(
MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI,
IMAGE_PROJECTION, null, null, IMAGE_PROJECTION[4] + " DESC");
String path = imageCursor.getString(imageCursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(IMAGE_PROJECTION[0]));
String name = imageCursor.getString(imageCursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(IMAGE_PROJECTION[1]));
int id = imageCursor.getInt(imageCursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(IMAGE_PROJECTION[2]));
String folderPath = imageCursor.getString(imageCursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(IMAGE_PROJECTION[3]));
String folderName = imageCursor.getString(imageCursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(IMAGE_PROJECTION[4]));
//Android Q 公有目录只能通过Content Uri + id的方式访问,以前的File路径全部无效,如果是Video,记得换成MediaStore.Videos
if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.Q){
path = MediaStore.Images.Media
.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI
.buildUpon()
.appendPath(String.valueOf(id)).build().toString();
}
2、判断公有目录文件是否存在,自Android Q开始,公有目录File API都失效,不能直接通过new File(path).exists();判断公有目录文件是否存在,正确方式如下:
public static boolean isAndroidQFileExists(Context context, String path){
if (context == null) {
return false;
}
AssetFileDescriptor afd = null;
ContentResolver cr = context.getContentResolver();
try {
Uri uri = Uri.parse(path);
afd = cr.openAssetFileDescriptor(Uri.parse(path), "r");
if (afd == null) {
return false;
} else {
close(afd);
}
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
return false;
}finally {
close(afd);
}
return true;
}
3、保存或者下载文件到公有目录,保存Bitmap同理,如Download,MIME_TYPE类型可以自行参考对应的文件类型,这里只对APK作出说明
public static void copyToDownloadAndroidQ(Context context, String sourcePath, String fileName, String saveDirName){
ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
values.put(MediaStore.Downloads.DISPLAY_NAME, fileName);
values.put(MediaStore.Downloads.MIME_TYPE, "application/vnd.android.package-archive");
values.put(MediaStore.Downloads.RELATIVE_PATH, "Download/" + saveDirName.replaceAll("/","") + "/");
Uri external = MediaStore.Downloads.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
ContentResolver resolver = context.getContentResolver();
Uri insertUri = resolver.insert(external, values);
if(insertUri == null) {
return;
}
String mFilePath = insertUri.toString();
InputStream is = null;
OutputStream os = null;
try {
os = resolver.openOutputStream(insertUri);
if(os == null){
return;
}
int read;
File sourceFile = new File(sourcePath);
if (sourceFile.exists()) { // 文件存在时
is = new FileInputStream(sourceFile); // 读入原文件
byte[] buffer = new byte[1444];
while ((read = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
os.write(buffer, 0, read);
}
is.close();
os.close();
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
finally {
close(is,os);
}
}
4、保存图片相关
/**
* 通过MediaStore保存,兼容AndroidQ,保存成功自动添加到相册数据库,无需再发送广告告诉系统插入相册
*
* @param context context
* @param sourceFile 源文件
* @param saveFileName 保存的文件名
* @param saveDirName picture子目录
* @return 成功或者失败
*/
public static boolean saveImageWithAndroidQ(Context context,
File sourceFile,
String saveFileName,
String saveDirName) {
String extension = BitmapUtil.getExtension(sourceFile.getAbsolutePath());
ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
values.put(MediaStore.Images.Media.DESCRIPTION, "This is an image");
values.put(MediaStore.Images.Media.DISPLAY_NAME, saveFileName);
values.put(MediaStore.Images.Media.MIME_TYPE, "image/png");
values.put(MediaStore.Images.Media.TITLE, "Image.png");
values.put(MediaStore.Images.Media.RELATIVE_PATH, "Pictures/" + saveDirName);
Uri external = MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
ContentResolver resolver = context.getContentResolver();
Uri insertUri = resolver.insert(external, values);
BufferedInputStream inputStream = null;
OutputStream os = null;
boolean result = false;
try {
inputStream = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(sourceFile));
if (insertUri != null) {
os = resolver.openOutputStream(insertUri);
}
if (os != null) {
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024 * 4];
int len;
while ((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
os.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
os.flush();
}
result = true;
} catch (IOException e) {
result = false;
} finally {
Util.close(os, inputStream);
}
return result;
}
4.EditText默认不获取焦点,不自动弹出键盘
该问题出现在 targetSdkVersion >= Build.VERSION_CODES.P 情况下,且设备版本为Android P以上版本,目前我们没有从源码中查到相关判断改动,解决方法在onCreate中加入如下代码:
mEditText.post(() -> {
mEditText.requestFocus();
mEditText.setFocusable(true);
mEditText.setFocusableInTouchMode(true);
});
5.Only fullscreen activities can request orientation 异常
该问题出现在 targetSdkVersion >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O_MR1 ,也就是 API 27,当设备为Android 26时(27以上已经修复,也许google觉得不妥当,又改回来了),如果非全面屏透明activity固定了方向,则出现该异常,但是当我们在小米、魅族等Android 26机型测试的时候,并没有该异常,华为机型则报该异常,这是何等的卧槽。。。没办法,去掉透明style或者去掉固定方向代码即可,其它无解
6.安装APK Intent及其它文件相关Intent
/*
* 自Android N开始,是通过FileProvider共享相关文件,但是Android Q对公有目录 File API进行了限制
* 从代码上看,又变得和以前低版本一样了,只是必须加上权限代码Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION
*/
private void installApk() {
if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.Q){
//适配Android Q,注意mFilePath是通过ContentResolver得到的,上述有相关代码
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
intent.setDataAndType(Uri.parse(mFilePath) ,"application/vnd.android.package-archive");
intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION);
startActivity(intent);
return ;
}
File file = new File(saveFileName + "osc.apk");
if (!file.exists())
return;
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION);
Uri contentUri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(getApplicationContext(), "net.oschina.app.provider", file);
intent.setDataAndType(contentUri, "application/vnd.android.package-archive");
} else {
intent.setDataAndType(Uri.fromFile(file), "application/vnd.android.package-archive");
intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
}
startActivity(intent);
}
我们APK开发实践中暂时遇到的坑就这些,当然Android Q的改动是相当大的,例如还有App私有沙箱文件、定位权限和后台弹出Activity限制,这些都必须根据自身实践去踩坑适配,有条件的尽可能去阅读官方文档,参考改进。