工具准备
- myeclipse（10.7.1）
创建一个java web项目并添加spiing支持（或打开一个项目）
实现的业务逻辑
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- 上图中InjectionServiceImpl有InjectionDAO的变量，当没有主动去创建，而是通过配置文件配置，让spring帮我们去完成
- 目标1通过xml文件配置实现设置注入
工程目录结构展示
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为项目添加spring环境支持
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此时myeclipse自动为我们引入spring的jar包
并自动创建applicationContext.xml（spring的配置文件）
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd">
</beans>
参考：Eclipse/MyEclipse上配置Spring环境
创建InjectionDAO接口及其实现类InjectionDAOImpl
InjectionDAO.java
package com.younghare.interfaces;
public interface InjectionDAO {
public void save(String arg);
}
实现类InjectionDAOImpl .java
package com.younghare.Impl;
import com.younghare.interfaces.InjectionDAO;
public class InjectionDAOImpl implements InjectionDAO {
@Override
public void save(String arg) {
//模拟保存数据到数据库
System.out.println("模拟保存数据到数据库："+arg);
}
}
创建InjectionService接口及其实现类InjectionServiceImpl
InjectionService.java
package com.younghare.interfaces;
public interface InjectionService {
public void save(String arg);
}
InjectionServiceImpl.java(实现类)
package com.younghare.Impl;
import com.younghare.interfaces.InjectionDAO;
import com.younghare.interfaces.InjectionService;
public class InjectionServiceImpl implements InjectionService {
private InjectionDAO injectionDAO; //模拟设值注入时需要为其生成set方法
//sprint Ioc容器 的设值注入需要这个set方法
public void setInjectionDAO(InjectionDAO injectionDAO) {
this.injectionDAO = injectionDAO;
}
@Override
public void save(String arg) {
//模拟业务操作
System.out.println("模拟业务操作");
//对数据进行处理---模拟经过业务逻辑处理
arg =arg +":"+ this.hashCode();
//调用DAO把数据保存到数据库
injectionDAO.save(arg);
}
}
配置applicationContext.xml（对bean进行设置注入配置）
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd">
<bean id="injectionService" class ="com.younghare.Impl.InjectionServiceImpl">
<!--属性name中的injectionDAO对应的是InjectionServiceImpl成员变量的 -->
<property name="injectionDAO" ref ="injectionDAO"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="injectionDAO" class ="com.younghare.Impl.InjectionDAOImpl"></bean>
</beans>
image.png
注意：你也可以在其他文件中进行配置，比如spring-injection.xml，主要是与ClassPathXmlApplicationContext参数对应
ApplicationContext appCtx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
测试--创建SpringMain.java并实现main方法
测试代码
package com.younghare.main;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.younghare.Impl.InjectionServiceImpl;
import com.younghare.interfaces.InjectionService;
public class SpringMain {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 测试java bean，配置信息在applicationContext.xml文件中
ApplicationContext appCtx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
InjectionService injectionService = (InjectionService) appCtx.getBean("injectionService");
injectionService.save("这是要保持的数据");
}
}
运行结果
image.png
现在实现构造器注入
删除xml配置文件中的设值注入的配置，并添加构造器部分的注入
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd">
<!--构造器注入 -->
<bean id="injectionService" class ="com.younghare.Impl.InjectionServiceImpl">
<constructor-arg name ="injectionDAO" ref ="injectionDAO"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
<bean id="injectionDAO" class ="com.younghare.Impl.InjectionDAOImpl"></bean>
</beans>
InjectionServiceImpl.java中添加InjectionServiceImpl构造器injectionDAO的参数
image.png
再测试运行结果也是
image.png
注意点如果构造器参数的名称定义不同与xml中，则会报错--引用配置错误
如把xml配置中改为injectionDAO3
xml配置引用与构造器参数不一致
单元测试部分
在工程目录中创建测试代码管理目录
myeclipse/new/Source Folder
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创建单元测试类
在工程目录中创建一个test类
myeclipse/new/other
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SpringTest.java
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.younghare.interfaces.InjectionService;
public class SpringTest {
private static ApplicationContext context =null;
@BeforeClass
public static void setUpBeforeClass() throws Exception {
//加载Spring 的配置文件
context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
}
@Test
public void test() {
InjectionService injectionService =(InjectionService) context.getBean("injectionService");
injectionService.save("这是要保持的数据");
}
}
运行测试用例
右键/Run as/Junit Test
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单元测试2方法
单元测试基础类UnitTestBase.java
package com.younghare;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
//import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
public class UnitTestBase {
private ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context;
private String springXmlpath;
public UnitTestBase() {}
public UnitTestBase(String springXmlpath) {
this.springXmlpath = springXmlpath;
}
@Before
public void before() {
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(springXmlpath)) {
// springXmlpath = "classpath*:spring-*.xml";
springXmlpath = "classpath*:applicationContext*.xml";
}
try {
context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(springXmlpath.split("[,\\s]+"));
context.start();
} catch (BeansException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@After
public void after() {
context.destroy();
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
protected <T extends Object> T getBean(String beanId) {
try {
return (T)context.getBean(beanId);
} catch (BeansException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
}
protected <T extends Object> T getBean(Class<T> clazz) {
try {
return context.getBean(clazz);
} catch (BeansException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
}
}
InjectionServiceTest.java (测试测试构造器注入)
package com.younghare;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner;
import com.younghare.interfaces.InjectionService;
@RunWith(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
public class InjectionServiceTest extends UnitTestBase {
public InjectionServiceTest() {
//super();
super("classpath:applicationContext.xml");
}
//构造器注入
@Test
public void testconstructor() {
InjectionService service = super.getBean("injectionService");
service.save("这是要保存的数据");
}
}
