1. 吃透基础技术一一编程和系统。
编程：C语言和汇编语言（了解底层资源的处理方式）、编程范式（了解各语言的特点）、算法和数据结构。
系统：
·计算机系统原理
CPU 的体系结构一一指令集 [CISC/RISC]、分支预测、缓存结构、总线、DMA、中断、陷阱、多任务、虚拟内存、虚拟化等），内存的原理与性能特点（SRAM、DRAM、DDR-SDRAM 等），磁盘的原理（机械硬盘 [盘面、磁头臂、磁头、启停区、寻道等]、固态硬盘 [页映射、块的合并与回收算法、TRIM 指令等]），GPU 的原理等，推荐书籍《深入理解计算机系统》（Randal E. Bryant）
操作系统原理和基础一一进程、进程管理、线程、线程调度、多核的缓存一致性、信号量、物理内存管理、虚拟内存管理、内存分配、文件系统、磁盘管理等）；学习方式：1.观察和探索当前使用的操作系统，2.阅读操作系统原理相关图书，3.阅读API文档。
《UNIX 环境高级编程》、《UNIX 网络编程》和《Windows 核心编程》
网络基础一一了解基本的网络层次结构（ISO/OSI 模型、TCP/IP 协议栈），包括物理层、数据链路层（包含错误重发机制）、网络层（包含路由机制）、传输层（包含连接保持机制）、会话层、表示层、应用层（在 TCP/IP 协议栈里，这三层可以并为一层）。推荐书籍《TCP/IP 详解》。
数据库原理一一数据库适合保存短的数据，而且可以方便地按字段进行查询。
学习数据库原理之后，能了解数据库访问性能调优的要点，以及保证并发情况下数据操作原子性的方法。
·阅读各类数据库图书
·多做数据库操作以及数据库编程
·多观察分析数据库在运行时的性能
分布式技术架构：需要横向扩展，以提供足够性能。需要学习技术点：分布式技术架构，包括负载均衡、DNS 解析、多子域名、无状态应用层、缓存层、数据库分片、容错和恢复机制、Paxos、Map/Reduce 操作、分布式 SQL 数据库一致性（以 Google Cloud Spanner 为代表）等知识点。
2. 提升学习能力
信息源一一Google 等搜索引擎，Stack Overflow、Quora 等社区，图书，API 文档，论文和博客等。
与高手交流一一
举一反三的思考一一
不怕困难的态度一一
开放的心态一一
3. 坚持做正确的事：提高效率的事、自动化的事、像我前沿技术的事、知识密集的事、技术驱动的事。
4. 高标准要求自己。
附 Google 评分卡
0 - you are unfamiliar with the subject area.
1 - you can read / understand the most fundamental aspects of the subject area.
2 - ability to implement small changes, understand basic principles and able to figure out additional details with minimal help.
3 - basic proficiency in a subject area without relying on help.
4 - you are comfortable with the subject area and all routine work on it:
For software areas - ability to develop medium programs using all basic language features w/o book, awareness of more esoteric features (with book).
For systems areas - understanding of many fundamentals of networking and systems administration, ability to run a small network of systems including recovery, debugging and nontrivial troubleshooting that relies on the knowledge of internals.
5 - an even lower degree of reliance on reference materials. Deeper skills in a field or specific technology in the subject area.
6 - ability to develop large programs and systems from scratch. Understanding of low level details and internals. Ability to design / deploy most large, distributed systems from scratch.
7 - you understand and make use of most lesser known language features, technologies, and associated internals. Ability to automate significant amounts of systems administration.
8 - deep understanding of corner cases, esoteric features, protocols and systems including “theory of operation”. Demonstrated ability to design, deploy and own very critical or large infrastructure, build accompanying automation.
9 - could have written the book about the subject area but didn’t; works with standards committees on defining new standards and methodologies.
10 - wrote the book on the subject area (there actually has to be a book). Recognized industry expert in the field, might have invented it.
Subject Areas:
TCP/IP Networking (OSI stack, DNS etc)
Unix/Linux internals
Unix/Linux Systems administration
Algorithms and Data Structures
C
C++
Python
Java
Perl
Go
Shell Scripting (sh, Bash, ksh, csh)
SQL and/or Database Admin
Scripting language of your choice (not already mentioned)
People Management
Project Management
