容器网络详解
虚拟网络类型
-
虚拟化常见的网络类型（虚拟桥接式网络）
- 隔离桥：127.0.0.1
- 仅主机桥：不能对外通信
- 路由器桥： 可以被nat发出去，但是不能
- NAT桥： NAT连接追踪实现主机与外部互相通信
-
docker常见的网络类型
- 桥网络： bridge，docker0 实现NAT
- 联盟式网络：共享NET，IPC，UTS
- host网络： 容器共享宿主机网络
- none网络：封闭式网络
image.png
docker四类网络实践
- none封闭式网络： 只有lo网卡，其他的都没有
[root@centos7-node1 ~]# docker run --name tinyweb2 -it --rm --network none wanghui122725501/myimg:v0.4 /bin/sh
/ # ifconfig -a
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
- bridge：默认网络也是bridge
[root@centos7-node1 ~]# docker run --name tinyweb2 -d --network bridge wanghui122725501/myimg:v0.4
[root@centos7-node1 ~]# docker exec -it tinyweb2 /bin/sh
/ # ifconfig -a
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:42:AC:11:00:07
inet addr:172.17.0.7 Bcast:172.17.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:516 (516.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
- 联盟式网络：主机名，IP
[root@centos7-node1 ~]# docker run --name joinedc1 -it --rm --network container:tinyweb2 wanghui122725501/myimg:v0.4 /bin/sh
/ # ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:42:AC:11:00:07
inet addr:172.17.0.7 Bcast:172.17.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0
UP BRADAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:656 (656.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
UP LOOPBAKRUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
- host网络：共享宿主机所有网卡
[root@centos7-node1 ~]# docker run --name tintweb3 -it --rm --network host wanghui122725501/myimg:v0.4 /bin/sh
/ # ifconfig
/data/web # /bin/httpd -h /data/web/html/
可以直接访问宿主机ip，得到对应的结果
docker其他网络参数
- 指定docker的主机名： 使用
-h或者--hostname
[root@centos7-node1 ~]# docker run --name bbox2 -it --rm --hostname mybbox2.cropy.cn busybox
/ # hostname
mybbox2.cropy.cn
- 增加hosts主机名解析(
--add-host可以使用多次)
[root@centos7-node1 ~]# docker run --name bbox3 -it --rm --add-host bbox3.cropy.cn:172.17.0.10 --add-host gw.cropy.cn:172.17.0.1 busybox
/ # ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:42:AC:11:00:06
inet addr:172.17.0.6 Bcast:172.17.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:7 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:586 (586.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
/ # cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0 ip6-ocalnet
ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
172.17.0.10 bbox3.cropy.cn
- 增加DNS注入（
--dns,--dns-search）
[root@centos7-node1 ~]# docker run --name bbox3 -it --rm --add-host bbox3.cropy.cn:172.17.0.10 --add-host gw.cropy.cn:172.17.0.1 --dns 172.17.0.1 --dns 114.114.114.114 --dns-search cropy.cn busybox
/ # cat /etc/resolv.conf
search cropy.cn
nameserver 172.17.0.1
nameserver 114.114.114.114
端口映射
- 非docker环境下的映射
iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -d GW_IP -p tcp|udp --dport 10080 -j DNAT --to-destination BE_server_IP:port
EXPOSE(docker端口发布)：
-p选项-
-p选项的使用格式-
-p <containerPort>： 将指定的容器端口映射至所在宿主机的任意端口 -
-p <hostPort>:<containerPort>：将容器端口映射至所在宿主机的指定端口 -
-p <ip>::<containerPort>： 将指定容器的端口映射至所在主机指定IP的动态端口 -
-p <ip>:<hostPort>:<containerPort>： 将指定容器的端口映射至所在主机指定IP的指定端口
-
实例
[root@centos7-node1 ~]# docker run --name mytinyweb3 -d --network bridge -p 80 wanghui122725501/myimg:v0.4 #随机端口映射
[root@centos7-node1 ~]# docker port mytinyweb3 #查看映射详情（iptables -t nat -vnL 这个也可以）
80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:32768
[root@centos7-node1 ~]# docker kill mytinyweb3 && docker rm mytinyweb3
[root@centos7-node1 ~]# docker run --name mytinyweb3 -d --rm --network bridge -p 80:80 wanghui122725501/myimg:v0.4 #指定端口映射
[root@centos7-node1 ~]# docker run --name mytinyweb3 -d --network bridge -p 192.168.56.11::80 wanghui122725501/myimg:v0.4
[root@centos7-node1 ~]# docker kill mytinyweb3 && docker rm mytinyweb3
[root@centos7-node1 ~]# docker run --name mytinyweb3 -d --network bridge -p 192.168.56.11:80:80 wanghui122725501/myimg:v0.4
[root@centos7-node1 ~]# docker kill mytinyweb3 && docker rm mytinyweb3
[root@centos7-node1 ~]# docker run --name mytinyweb3 -d --network bridge -p 80:80 -p 443:443 wanghui122725501/myimg:v0.4 #多端口映射
docker network操作
- 常用命令
[root@centos7-node1 ~]# docker network --help
Usage: docker network COMMAND
Manage networks
Commands:
connect Connect a container to a network
create Create a network
disconnect Disconnect a container from a network
inspect Display detailed information on one or more networks
ls List networks
prune Remove all unused networks
rm Remove one or more networks
- 实践操作
[root@centos7-node1 ~]# docker info | grep Network #可以支持创建的网络类型
Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
[root@centos7-node1 ~]# docker network create --subnet 10.10.0.0/24 mybr0 #创建mybr0 网络
[root@centos7-node1 ~]# docker run --name mytinyweb3 -it --network mybr0 -p 80 -p 443 wanghui122725501/myimg:v0.4 /bin/sh #创建容器并查看ip
/ # ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:42:0A:0A:00:02
inet addr:10.10.0.2 Bcast:10.10.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:12 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:1032 (1.0 KiB) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
[root@centos7-node1 ~]# docker network connect bridge mytinyweb3 #另开终端，将mytinyweb3连入bridge（docker0: 172.17.0.0）网络
/ # ifconfig #查看网络，发现mytinyweb3 有了两块网卡
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:42:0A:0A:00:02
inet addr:10.10.0.2 Bcast:10.10.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:656 (656.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:42:AC:11:00:06
inet addr:172.17.0.6 Bcast:172.17.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:656 (656.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
[root@centos7-node1 ~]# docker network disconnect bridge mytinyweb3 #去掉mytinyweb3的bridge网卡
[root@centos7-node1 ~]# docker kill mytinyweb3 && docker rm mytinyweb3
[root@centos7-node1 ~]# docker network rm mybr0
- 修改默认的docker0桥的地址,设置bip即可
[root@centos7-node1 ~]# vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"bip": "172.31.0.1/16",
"registry-mirrors": ["https://0b8hhs68.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
"storage-driver": "overlay2",
"graph":"/data/docker",
"storage-opts": [
"overlay2.override_kernel_check=true"
]
}
[root@centos7-node1 ~]# systemctl restart docker
[root@centos7-node1 ~]# ifconfig
docker0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 172.31.0.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 172.31.255.255
