Pyplot散点图(泡泡图)-图例固定尺寸的实现

项目里需要画一个散点图(泡泡图),但是有一个问题,图例的大小跟实际图中泡泡的尺寸是相对成比例的,而我期望图例大小是一样的.

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.font_manager as fm
from matplotlib.pyplot import MultipleLocator

import random
import json
import math
import sys
import colorsys
import numpy

myfont = fm.FontProperties(fname=r'/usr/share/fonts/custom/simhei.ttf')  # 设置字体

saveGraphPath = sys.argv[1]  ## 图片的保存路径

fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(13, 7))

xmin = 10000
xmax = -10000
ymin = 10000
ymax = -10000

# 这段代码生成随机数据,x,y,value(泡泡的size)
xlist = []
ylist = []
valuelist = []
maxValue = -1  # 记录value最大值
for i in range(0, 26):
    thisX = random.randint(-10, 30)
    xlist.append(thisX)

    thisY = random.randint(-100, 200)
    ylist.append(thisY)

    thisValue = random.randint(100, 100000)
    valuelist.append(thisValue)

    if thisValue > maxValue:
        maxValue = thisValue

# 颜色列表
rgb = [[0.2, 0.2, 1], [0.2, 0.5, 0.8], [1, 0.8, 0.2], [0.8, 1, 0.2], [0.2, 1, 0.8], [0.2, 0.8, 1], [0.8, 0.2, 1],
       [1, 0.7, 0.85], [1, 0, 0], [1, 0, 0.6],
       [0.5, 0.5, 1], [0.3, 0.3, 0.3], [0, 1, 0], [1, 0.5, 0], [1, 0, 0.5], [0.5, 0, 1], [0, 0.5, 1], [0.5, 1, 0],
       [0, 1, 0.5], [1, 0.5, 0.5],
       [0.5, 0.2, 0.8], [0.3, 0.4, 1], [0.6, 0.9, 0.1], [0.1, 0.451, 0.333], [0.77, 0.63, 0.231], [0.5, 0.8, 1]]

for i in range(0, 26):

    scale2 = 8000 / math.sqrt(maxValue / valuelist[i])  #泡泡的尺寸,为了value值适应xy轴的大小,作了数据处理
    scale = 4 / math.sqrt(maxValue / valuelist[i])          #用于设定margin

    x = xlist[i]
    if x - scale < xmin:
        xmin = x - scale
    if x + scale > xmax:
        xmax = x + scale

    y = ylist[i]
    if y - scale < ymin:
        ymin = y - scale
    if y + scale > ymax:
        ymax = y + scale

    name = xlist[i] + ylist[i] + valuelist[i]

    color = rgb[i % 26]
    plt.scatter(x, y, c=color, s=scale2, label=name, alpha=0.7, edgecolors='none')
    # scatter = plt.scatter(x, y, c=color, s=0.1, label=name, alpha=0.7, edgecolors='none')

    nameList.append(name)
    # scatterLIst.append(scatter)

#设定margin让图片更协调
xmin = xmin
xmax = xmax
ymin = ymin / 2 + ymin
ymax = ymax / 5 + ymax

plt.xlim(xmin, xmax)
plt.ylim(ymin, ymax)

# 设点y轴的间隔
y_major_locator = MultipleLocator(25)
ax.yaxis.set_major_locator(y_major_locator)

# 图片画两条基准线
plt.axvline(x=10.0001, color='k', linestyle='--')
plt.axhline(y=10, color='k', linestyle='--')

legend1 = ax.legend(loc='center left', bbox_to_anchor=(1, 0.6), ncol=1, prop=myfont, fontsize=15, markerscale=0.2,
               labelspacing=0.7)

#四个象限增加文字
plt.text(xmin + 1, ymax - 16, "XX类别", fontproperties=myfont, fontsize=18)
plt.text(xmax - 3, ymax - 16, "XX类别", fontproperties=myfont, fontsize=18)
plt.text(xmax - 3, ymin + 10, "XX类别", fontproperties=myfont, fontsize=18)
plt.text(xmin + 1, ymin + 10, "XX类别", fontproperties=myfont, fontsize=18)

# xy轴的意思
plt.xlabel("XXX率%", fontproperties=myfont, fontsize=15)
plt.ylabel("XXX率%", fontproperties=myfont, fontsize=15)

ax.grid(True)
plt.tight_layout()
plt.savefig(saveGraphPath, bbox_inches='tight')
plt.show()

去看了ax.legend文档,没有设定相同尺寸的参数,然后在stack overflow找啊找,还是没找的解决方法.

后来灵机一动,画另一组具有相同x,y,color,name,value值的散点图,scale数值一样(需要足够小),用它来表示图例

修改部分用多行注释进行了标识

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.font_manager as fm
from matplotlib.pyplot import MultipleLocator

import random
import json
import math
import sys
import colorsys
import numpy

myfont = fm.FontProperties(fname=r'/usr/share/fonts/custom/simhei.ttf')  # 设置字体

saveGraphPath = sys.argv[1]  ## 图片的保存路径

fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(13, 7))

xmin = 10000
xmax = -10000
ymin = 10000
ymax = -10000

# 这段代码生成随机数据,x,y,value(泡泡的size)
xlist = []
ylist = []
valuelist = []
maxValue = -1  # 记录value最大值
for i in range(0, 26):
    thisX = random.randint(-10, 30)
    xlist.append(thisX)

    thisY = random.randint(-100, 200)
    ylist.append(thisY)

    thisValue = random.randint(100, 100000)
    valuelist.append(thisValue)

    if thisValue > maxValue:
        maxValue = thisValue

"""
记录另一组散点用来生成图例
"""  
nameList = []
scatterLIst = []
colorList = []

# 颜色列表
rgb = [[0.2, 0.2, 1], [0.2, 0.5, 0.8], [1, 0.8, 0.2], [0.8, 1, 0.2], [0.2, 1, 0.8], [0.2, 0.8, 1], [0.8, 0.2, 1],
       [1, 0.7, 0.85], [1, 0, 0], [1, 0, 0.6],
       [0.5, 0.5, 1], [0.3, 0.3, 0.3], [0, 1, 0], [1, 0.5, 0], [1, 0, 0.5], [0.5, 0, 1], [0, 0.5, 1], [0.5, 1, 0],
       [0, 1, 0.5], [1, 0.5, 0.5],
       [0.5, 0.2, 0.8], [0.3, 0.4, 1], [0.6, 0.9, 0.1], [0.1, 0.451, 0.333], [0.77, 0.63, 0.231], [0.5, 0.8, 1]]

for i in range(0, 26):

    scale2 = 8000 / math.sqrt(maxValue / valuelist[i])
    scale = 4 / math.sqrt(maxValue / valuelist[i])

    x = xlist[i]
    if x - scale < xmin:
        xmin = x - scale
    if x + scale > xmax:
        xmax = x + scale

    y = ylist[i]
    if y - scale < ymin:
        ymin = y - scale
    if y + scale > ymax:
        ymax = y + scale

    name = xlist[i] + ylist[i] + valuelist[i]

    color = rgb[i % 26]
    plt.scatter(x, y, c=color, s=scale2, label=name, alpha=0.7, edgecolors='none')

   """
    画另一组散点,这里我scale设定都设为0.1
   并记录在nameList,scatterList中
    """    
    scatter = plt.scatter(x, y, c=color, s=0.1, label=name, alpha=0.7, edgecolors='none')

    nameList.append(name)
    scatterLIst.append(scatter)

#设定margin让图片更协调
xmin = xmin
xmax = xmax
ymin = ymin / 2 + ymin
ymax = ymax / 5 + ymax

plt.xlim(xmin, xmax)
plt.ylim(ymin, ymax)

# 设点y轴的间隔
y_major_locator = MultipleLocator(25)
ax.yaxis.set_major_locator(y_major_locator)

# 图片画两条基准线
plt.axvline(x=10.0001, color='k', linestyle='--')
plt.axhline(y=10, color='k', linestyle='--')

#legend1 = ax.legend(loc='center left', bbox_to_anchor=(1, 0.6), ncol=1, prop=myfont, fontsize=15, markerscale=0.2,
#                    labelspacing=0.7)
"""
markerscale 设定为37
人工设定handles和labels
"""
legend1 = ax.legend(handles =scatterLIst,labels = nameList, loc='center left', bbox_to_anchor=(1, 0.5), ncol=1,prop=myfont,fontsize = 15,markerscale = 37,labelspacing = 0.7)

#四个象限增加文字
plt.text(xmin + 1, ymax - 16, "XX类别", fontproperties=myfont, fontsize=18)
plt.text(xmax - 3, ymax - 16, "XX类别", fontproperties=myfont, fontsize=18)
plt.text(xmax - 3, ymin + 10, "XX类别", fontproperties=myfont, fontsize=18)
plt.text(xmin + 1, ymin + 10, "XX类别", fontproperties=myfont, fontsize=18)

# xy轴的意思
plt.xlabel("XXX率%", fontproperties=myfont, fontsize=15)
plt.ylabel("XXX率%", fontproperties=myfont, fontsize=15)

ax.grid(True)
plt.tight_layout()
plt.savefig(saveGraphPath, bbox_inches='tight')
plt.show()

graph_1576044871385.png