Perpetual
Continuing or being so for an indefinitely longtime:
He seems to have a perpetual grin on his face.
empirical
originating in or based on observation or experience
e.g. They collected plenty of empirical data from their experiments.
go back to
和commence， dates back 没有画面感
write widely 杂学家
Pick holes in
to find mistakes in something someone has done or said, to show that it is not good or not correct
e.g. He likes picking holes from someone he does not like.
Falsify
to prove or declare false: disprove
to make false by mutilation or addition
E.g. The accounts were falsified to conceal a theft
in orbit round the Sun(表达)
in orbit 不需要冠词
out of shape/ come back in shape 也不需要冠词 （想指的是状态，而不是某种具体的形状，同in bed）
step off of the train 强调从有体积里出来
bounce back off （小词）
Speculative
constituting intellectual speculation, also, theoretical rather than demonstrable
e.g.a writer with a speculative mind
alpha particles: 阿尔法粒子
artillery shell 炮弹
paper-thin foil（表达） 像纸一样薄的
all the more+比较级的用法： even more
The fact that they'd written the play themselves made it all the more impressive.
compelling
a. Having the power to persuade；近义词：telling
b. Forceful: a compelling personality
c. Demanding attention:The novel was so compelling that I couldn't put it down.
bring an entire theory crashing down （学习bring在这里的用法表达）
long-held: something that was hold for a long time, especially believes or thoughts.
This study overturns the long-held belief that brain size has increased across all mammals.
Newton famously said, "If I have seen further, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants."
疑难句型：
He meant primarily Galileo, but he had probably also seen a copy of Alhazen's Optics.
疑问：fourfold roots of everything
star gazer: one who gazes at the stars: such as: a : astrologer b : astronomer
gaze:to fix the eyes in a steady intent look often with eagerness or studious attention
e.g. He gazed out of the window.
star map
If you would be a real seeker after truth, it is necessary that at least once in your life you doubt, as far as possible, all things.
Abbasid caliphate ：was the third of the Islamic caliphates to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
alchemy
1:a medieval chemical science and speculative philosophy aiming to achieve the transmutation of the base metals into gold, the discovery of a universal cure for disease, and the discovery of a means of indefinitely prolonging life 2:a power or process that changes or transforms something in a mysterious or impressive way 3:an inexplicable or mysterious transmuting
e.g. She practiced her alchemy in the kitchen, turning a pile of vegetables into a delicious salad. The company hoped for some sort of economic alchemy that would improve business.
Alchemy flourished...（学习flourish表达）
distillation：the process of purifying a liquid by successive evaporation and condensation蒸馏
The monopoly over scientific truth began to weaken...（主要搭配问题的学习。介词用over，后接weaken）
Monopoly: exclusive ownership through legal privilege, command of supply, or concerted action
quash
to suppress or extinguish summarily and completely
...discredit the old theory...
1. to cause disbelief in the accuracy or authority of；
2. to deprive of good repute: personal attacks meant to discredit his opponent；
3. to refuse to accept as true or accurate：discredit a rumor
e.g. Many of his theories have been thoroughly discredited.
The invention of ...opens up new fields of science, into which marched Danish physicist... 作状语的介词放于句首？以前常见的是come， lie， stand这几个词，march也可用。
a host of 一大群
Palaeontology became fashionable (ˌpælɪɒnˈtɒlədʒɪ)
the study of fossils to determine the structure and evolution of extinct animals and plants and the age and conditions of deposition of the rock strata in which they are found; another name for palaeozoology
remains（注意其他用法）
All that is left after other parts have been taken away, used up, or destroyed; A dead body or parts of a dead body; The unpublished writings of a deceased author; Ancient ruins or fossils;
shaking classical physics (表达) bring sth crash down
关于shake 几个不熟悉的表达
a:to free oneself from: shake a habit, shake off a cold b: to get away from:get rid of: e.g. Can you shake your friend? I want to talk to you alone.
c: to lessen the stability of: weaken shake one's faith
疑难问题： leap-frogging ideas ？？？
The idea of the black hole began to take root. take root 的含义
Some of which may harbor life
harbor常见的是名词用法，这里作为动词。
To give shelter to: harbor refugees；
To provide a place,home,or habitat for: streams that harbor trout and bass.
To entertain or nourish (a specified thought or feeling):harbor a grudge
take root 开始形成
chromosome
learn off 听说了解
discredit： disprove，overturn
amaze
to show or cause astonishment:
e.g. The fireworks display never ceases to amaze.
Through the two days of learning, what actually impressed me the most is not how much knowledge I have learned, but how should I learned.
In the past, when I was reading articles, I usually chose those I am interested in. I don't even think about that I will some time read something concerned science. Thus, the reading of this article actually was the first time that I read some field I am not familiar with.
One thing that I learned from Annie is to keep your curiosity and try hard to figure it and get something you don't know in the past. Not only about the vocabulary, or the usage of a word, but also, what actually called knowledge.
