2020-12-17

校园管理项目

使用node.js结合MonogoDB形成前后端连接，操作数据库

实训1：(环境搭建)

1、安装node.js（https://nodejs.org/zh-cn/）

2、安装git（百度搜索git）

下载地址：https://git-scm.com/downloads

3、下载 vue-element-admin

基础模板: vue-admin-template

（1）安装依赖包（npm install）；（2）运行（npm run dev）

(3)成功启动后的图片

image.png

删除多余界面 router/index（https://www.jianshu.com/p/aaf830870744）

import Vue from 'vue'
import Router from 'vue-router'

Vue.use(Router)

/* Layout */
import Layout from '@/layout'

/**
 * Note: sub-menu only appear when route children.length >= 1
 * Detail see: https://panjiachen.github.io/vue-element-admin-site/guide/essentials/router-and-nav.html
 *
 * hidden: true                   if set true, item will not show in the sidebar(default is false)
 * alwaysShow: true               if set true, will always show the root menu
 *                                if not set alwaysShow, when item has more than one children route,
 *                                it will becomes nested mode, otherwise not show the root menu
 * redirect: noRedirect           if set noRedirect will no redirect in the breadcrumb
 * name:'router-name'             the name is used by <keep-alive> (must set!!!)
 * meta : {
    roles: ['admin','editor']    control the page roles (you can set multiple roles)
    title: 'title'               the name show in sidebar and breadcrumb (recommend set)
    icon: 'svg-name'             the icon show in the sidebar
    breadcrumb: false            if set false, the item will hidden in breadcrumb(default is true)
    activeMenu: '/example/list'  if set path, the sidebar will highlight the path you set
  }
 */

/**
 * constantRoutes
 * a base page that does not have permission requirements
 * all roles can be accessed
 */
export const constantRoutes = [
  {
    path: '/login',
    component: () => import('@/views/login/index'),
    hidden: true
  },

  {
    path: '/404',
    component: () => import('@/views/404'),
    hidden: true
  },

  {
    path: '/',
    component: Layout,
    redirect: '/dashboard',
    children: [{
      path: 'dashboard',
      name: 'Dashboard',
      component: () => import('@/views/dashboard/index'),
      meta: { title: 'Dashboard', icon: 'dashboard' }
    }]
  },
  // 404 page must be placed at the end !!!
  { path: '*', redirect: '/404', hidden: true }
]

const createRouter = () => new Router({
  // mode: 'history', // require service support
  scrollBehavior: () => ({ y: 0 }),
  routes: constantRoutes
})

const router = createRouter()

// Detail see: https://github.com/vuejs/vue-router/issues/1234#issuecomment-357941465
export function resetRouter() {
  const newRouter = createRouter()
  router.matcher = newRouter.matcher // reset router
}

export default router

安装ES6语法插件（npm install --save es6-promise）

拓展：Axios是什么？

axios：前端通信框架，它是基于promise的HTTP库，可以用在浏览器和node.js中。因为vue的边界很明确，就是为了处理DOM，所以不具备通信功能，此时就需要额外使用一个通信框架与服务器交互，当然也可以使用jQuery提供的AJAX通信功能。

在以下路径新建http.js

image

注：http.js里面的内容代码（https://www.jianshu.com/p/aaf830870744）

import Vue from 'vue';
import Axios from 'axios';
import {Promise} from 'es6-promise';

import {MessageBox, Message} from 'element-ui'

Axios.defaults.timeout = 30000; // 1分钟
Axios.defaults.baseURL = '';

Axios.interceptors.request.use(function (config) {
  // Do something before request is sent
  //change method for get
  /*if(process.env.NODE_ENV == 'development'){
      config['method'] = 'GET';
      console.log(config)
  }*/
  if (config['MSG']) {
    // Vue.prototype.$showLoading(config['MSG']);
  } else {
    // Vue.prototype.$showLoading();
  }
  // if(user.state.token){//用户登录时每次请求将token放入请求头中
  //   config.headers["token"] = user.state.token;
  // }

  if (config['Content-Type'] === 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;') {//默认发application/json请求，如果application/x-www-form-urlencoded;需要使用transformRequest对参数进行处理
    /*config['Content-Type'] = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8';*/
    config.headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8';
    config['transformRequest'] = function (obj) {
      var str = [];
      for (var p in obj)
        str.push(encodeURIComponent(p) + "=" + encodeURIComponent(obj[p]));
      return str.join("&")
    };
  }
  //config.header['Content-Type'] = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8';

  return config;
}, function (error) {
  // Do something with request error
  // Vue.$vux.loading.hide()
  return Promise.reject(error);
});

Axios.interceptors.response.use(
  response => {
    // Vue.$vux.loading.hide();
    return response.data;
  },
  error => {
    // Vue.$vux.loading.hide();
    if (error.response) {
      switch (error.response.status) {
        case 404:
          Message({
            message: '' || 'Error',
            type: 'error',
            duration: 5 * 1000
          })
          break;
        default:
          Message({
            message: '' || 'Error',
            type: 'error',
            duration: 5 * 1000
          })
      }
    } else if (error instanceof Error) {
      console.error(error);
    } else {
      Message({
        message: '' || 'Error',
        type: 'error',
        duration: 5 * 1000
      })
    }

    return Promise.reject(error.response);
  });

export default Vue.prototype.$http = Axios;

配置vue.config.js(https://www.jianshu.com/p/aaf830870744）

'use strict'
const path = require('path')
const defaultSettings = require('./src/settings.js')

function resolve(dir) {
  return path.join(__dirname, dir)
}

const name = defaultSettings.title || 'vue Admin Template' // page title

// If your port is set to 80,
// use administrator privileges to execute the command line.
// For example, Mac: sudo npm run
// You can change the port by the following methods:
// port = 9528 npm run dev OR npm run dev --port = 9528
const port = process.env.port || process.env.npm_config_port || 9528 // dev port

// All configuration item explanations can be find in https://cli.vuejs.org/config/
module.exports = {
  /**
   * You will need to set publicPath if you plan to deploy your site under a sub path,
   * for example GitHub Pages. If you plan to deploy your site to https://foo.github.io/bar/,
   * then publicPath should be set to "/bar/".
   * In most cases please use '/' !!!
   * Detail: https://cli.vuejs.org/config/#publicpath
   */
  publicPath: '/',
  outputDir: 'dist',
  assetsDir: 'static',
  lintOnSave: process.env.NODE_ENV === 'development',
  productionSourceMap: false,
  devServer: {
    port: port,
    open: true,
    overlay: {
      warnings: false,
      errors: true
    },
    proxy: {
      // change xxx-api/login => mock/login
      // detail: https://cli.vuejs.org/config/#devserver-proxy
      [process.env.VUE_APP_BASE_API]: {
        target: `http://127.0.0.1:${port}/mock`,
        changeOrigin: true,
        pathRewrite: {
          ['^' + process.env.VUE_APP_BASE_API]: ''
        }
      },
      ['/api']: {
        target: `http://127.0.0.1:3000`,
        changeOrigin: true,
        pathRewrite: {
          ['^' + '/api']: ''
        }
      }
    },
    after: require('./mock/mock-server.js')
  },
  configureWebpack: {
    // provide the app's title in webpack's name field, so that
    // it can be accessed in index.html to inject the correct title.
    name: name,
    resolve: {
      alias: {
        '@': resolve('src')
      }
    }
  },
  chainWebpack(config) {
    config.plugins.delete('preload') // TODO: need test
    config.plugins.delete('prefetch') // TODO: need test

    // set svg-sprite-loader
    config.module
      .rule('svg')
      .exclude.add(resolve('src/icons'))
      .end()
    config.module
      .rule('icons')
      .test(/\.svg$/)
      .include.add(resolve('src/icons'))
      .end()
      .use('svg-sprite-loader')
      .loader('svg-sprite-loader')
      .options({
        symbolId: 'icon-[name]'
      })
      .end()

    // set preserveWhitespace
    config.module
      .rule('vue')
      .use('vue-loader')
      .loader('vue-loader')
      .tap(options => {
        options.compilerOptions.preserveWhitespace = true
        return options
      })
      .end()

    config
    // https://webpack.js.org/configuration/devtool/#development
      .when(process.env.NODE_ENV === 'development',
        config => config.devtool('cheap-source-map')
      )

    config
      .when(process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'development',
        config => {
          config
            .plugin('ScriptExtHtmlWebpackPlugin')
            .after('html')
            .use('script-ext-html-webpack-plugin', [{
            // `runtime` must same as runtimeChunk name. default is `runtime`
              inline: /runtime\..*\.js$/
            }])
            .end()
          config
            .optimization.splitChunks({
              chunks: 'all',
              cacheGroups: {
                libs: {
                  name: 'chunk-libs',
                  test: /[\\/]node_modules[\\/]/,
                  priority: 10,
                  chunks: 'initial' // only package third parties that are initially dependent
                },
                elementUI: {
                  name: 'chunk-elementUI', // split elementUI into a single package
                  priority: 20, // the weight needs to be larger than libs and app or it will be packaged into libs or app
                  test: /[\\/]node_modules[\\/]_?element-ui(.*)/ // in order to adapt to cnpm
                },
                commons: {
                  name: 'chunk-commons',
                  test: resolve('src/components'), // can customize your rules
                  minChunks: 3, //  minimum common number
                  priority: 5,
                  reuseExistingChunk: true
                }
              }
            })
          config.optimization.runtimeChunk('single')
        }
      )
  }
}

main.js中加入http


image

调用接口

image

**里面的代码内容

<template>
  <div class="dashboard-container">
    欢迎
  </div>
</template>

<script>
  import { mapGetters } from 'vuex'

  export default {
    name: 'Dashboard',
    computed: {
      ...mapGetters([
        'name'
      ])
    },
    mounted(){
      this.$http.get('/api/users/add').then(res => {
        console.log('this.panels', res)
      })
    }
  }
</script>

<style lang="scss" scoped>
  .dashboard {
    &-container {
      margin: 30px;
    }
    &-text {
      font-size: 30px;
      line-height: 46px;
    }
  }
</style>

4、全局安装koa-generator(npm install -g koa-generator)

5、构建项目名称(koa2 projectName)、初始化并且运行

（1）koa2 项目名称（2）cd 项目名称（3）npm install （4）npm run dev

D:\project>koa2 projectName

   create : projectName
   create : projectName/package.json
   create : projectName/app.js
   create : projectName/public
   create : projectName/public/images
   create : projectName/routes
   create : projectName/routes/index.js
   create : projectName/routes/users.js
   create : projectName/views
   create : projectName/views/index.pug
   create : projectName/views/layout.pug
   create : projectName/views/error.pug
   create : projectName/public/stylesheets
   create : projectName/public/stylesheets/style.css
   create : projectName/bin
   create : projectName/bin/www

   install dependencies:
     > cd projectName && npm install

   run the app:
     > SET DEBUG=koa* & npm start projectName

   create : projectName/public/javascripts

D:\project>

（5）在浏览器打开地址：http://localhost:3000/，出现koa2的欢迎界面就代表成功了。

image

6、在mongodb官网新建免费的云端服务器。

修改数据库连接的密码和数据库名字和安装mongoose（npm install mongoose --save）

（1）点击connect创建集群，输入用户名和密码。

image

（2）点击connection创建数据库

image
image

（3）点击Network Access配置ip和子网掩码

image
image

（4）最后connect，点击connect your application

image
image
image
image

在以下路径新建db文件，里面的子文件分别是models和config.js，models子文件是user.js。

image

user.js里面的代码内容

const mongoose = require('mongoose')
const feld={
    name: String,
    age: Number,
    //人物标签
    labels:Number
}
//自动添加更新时间创建时间:
let personSchema = new mongoose.Schema(feld, {timestamps: {createdAt: 'created', updatedAt: 'updated'}})
module.exports= mongoose.model('User',personSchema)

config.js里面的代码内容（https://www.jianshu.com/p/aaf830870744）不过用户名，密码，数据库名字要修改为自己的。

回到刚新建的项目里面的app.js里面的代码内容

const Koa = require('koa')
const app = new Koa()
const views = require('koa-views')
const json = require('koa-json')
const onerror = require('koa-onerror')
const bodyparser = require('koa-bodyparser')
const logger = require('koa-logger')

const index = require('./routes/index')
const users = require('./routes/users')


const mongoose = require('mongoose')
const dbconfig = require('./db/config')
mongoose.connect(dbconfig.dbs, {useNewUrlParser: true,useUnifiedTopology: true})
const db = mongoose.connection
db.on('error', console.error.bind(console, 'connection error:'));
db.once('open', function() {
  console.log('mongoose 连接成功')
});
// error handler
onerror(app)

// middlewares
app.use(bodyparser({
  enableTypes:['json', 'form', 'text']
}))
app.use(json())
app.use(logger())
app.use(require('koa-static')(__dirname + '/public'))

app.use(views(__dirname + '/views', {
  extension: 'pug'
}))

// logger
app.use(async (ctx, next) => {
  const start = new Date()
  await next()
  const ms = new Date() - start
  console.log(`${ctx.method} ${ctx.url} - ${ms}ms`)
})

// routes
app.use(index.routes(), index.allowedMethods())
app.use(users.routes(), users.allowedMethods())

// error-handling
app.on('error', (err, ctx) => {
  console.error('server error', err, ctx)
});

module.exports = app

// error handler
onerror(app)

// middlewares
app.use(bodyparser({
  enableTypes:['json', 'form', 'text']
}))
app.use(json())
app.use(logger())
app.use(require('koa-static')(__dirname + '/public'))

app.use(views(__dirname + '/views', {
  extension: 'pug'
}))

// logger
app.use(async (ctx, next) => {
  const start = new Date()
  await next()
  const ms = new Date() - start
  console.log(`${ctx.method} ${ctx.url} - ${ms}ms`)
})

// routes
app.use(index.routes(), index.allowedMethods())
app.use(users.routes(), users.allowedMethods())

// error-handling
app.on('error', (err, ctx) => {
  console.error('server error', err, ctx)
});

module.exports = app

routes目录下的users.js里面的代码内容

const router = require('koa-router')()
const User = require('../db/models/user')
router.prefix('/users')

router.get('/add', function (ctx, next) {
    ctx.body = 'this is a users/bar response'
})

router.get('/', function (ctx, next) {
  ctx.body = 'this is a users response!'
})

router.get('/bar', function (ctx, next) {
  ctx.body = 'this is a users/bar response'
})

module.exports = router

最后，关掉前面我们启动的服务在运行（npm run dev），如下结果代表成功连接数据库：

image

实训2-6：

后台三操作：

（1）打开projectName文件，在models目录下创建相关文件，接着文件操作

（2）找到projectName下的routes目录，创建相关文件

（3）在app.js中挂载路由

前台三操作：

（1）打开vue-admin-template-master文件，在src/views目录下创建一个模块

（2）在模块下创建vue文件（editor.vue编辑文件和index.vue显示文件）

（3）.在index.js中添加路由

©著作权归作者所有,转载或内容合作请联系作者
平台声明：文章内容（如有图片或视频亦包括在内）由作者上传并发布，文章内容仅代表作者本人观点，简书系信息发布平台，仅提供信息存储服务。

推荐阅读更多精彩内容

  • 2020-12-17
    1.安装 nodejs 2.安装 git 3.下载 vue-element-admin[https://githu...
    北风_384c阅读 109评论 0赞 0
  • 2020-12-17
    1.安装 nodejs 2.安装 git 3.下载 vue-element-admin[https://githu...
    gogogo_e6cf阅读 129评论 0赞 0
  • 2020-12-17
    安装nodejs 安装git 下载vue-admin-template（前端） 建议本项目为可作为管理系统的基础模...
    void_7bdf阅读 473评论 0赞 0
  • 2020-12-17
    赖铭浩校园管理系统实训1 1.安装 nodejs 2.安装 git 3.下载 vue-element-admin[...
    去年的马肉阅读 267评论 0赞 0
  • 网站前端开发实训
    实训1 1.安装 nodejs 点击这里下载[https://nodejs.org/zh-cn/download/...
    yue_jia阅读 632评论 0赞 0