“写作替换词句积累”系列从《经济学人The Economist》、《时代周刊 Time》《连线 Wired》等著名刊物（大学四级、六级、托福及SAT题源）中提取适用于托福、雅思及SAT写作中的替换词句。希望能够帮助童鞋们积累优秀的表达，并活用到自己的作文中，优化辞藻。
1. 今昔对比
主语, once considered + adj., is/are now + adj.
E.g. Such calamities, once considered freakish, are now commonplace.
该句型适用于托福独立作文中的今昔对比题，如
Teachers were more appreciated and valued by society in the past than they are nowadays. (TPO 41) 在作文首段可以改写题目为：
Teachers, once considered respectable, are now of dubious reputation.
2. 事与愿违
It is tempting to think （长句描述） . In fact, it is （短句转折） .
E.g. It is tempting to think these are temporary setbacks and that mankind, with its instinct for self-preservation, will muddle through to a victory over global warming. In fact, it is losing the war.
该句型适用于分析SAT作文作者concede让步部分，如
2016年5月北美 Eric Klinenberg, “Viewpoint: Air-Conditioning Will Be the End of Us.” ©2013 by Time Inc.
作者在前文认可了AC的发明拯救了老人和病弱者的生命，提高了办公室产能，确保了工厂的安全等优点。但在后文提出 Americans need to greatly reduce their reliance on air-conditioning. 这一主旨。
由于全文两大段在做让步concession，多数学生分析这篇文章时会选从concession这个角度切，在分析读者受到的影响时，可以套用该句式：
It is tempting for readers to think those are profound merits for all classes and that air-conditioning is more than a great invention. In fact, it spells much trouble.
3.除非先解决…问题，否则没有一个解决方案会有实际效果
Yet none of these fixes/solutions will come to much unless … is tackled head on.
E.g. Yet none of these fixes will come to much unless climate listlessness is tackled head on.
4. 几个词组
关注度在上升：Public concern is picking up.
呼吁群体意志：fire up the collective will
致力于/辛勤（研究）： beaver away on sth.
前两个词组适用于SAT写作中分析读者反馈。
另，pick up 一词多义，还有“习得” pick up a hobby；“拾取” pick up after dog 即拾取狗狗的xx
本推送中所有例句来源：
–The Economist 2018.8.4 In the line of fire - Leaders
作者： Rena
微信公众号：英语工坊
