Begin with... Later on... The last stage of
1. 每个国家的经济都随着时间沉沉浮浮。
Every country's economy has ups and downs over time.
2. 经济学家们花了很多年来研究这些波动，已确定经济周期的性质。
Economists have spent years studying these fluctuations to determine the nature of the economic cycle.
fluctuation n. 起伏；波动
nature n. 性质；本性
3. 一般来说，这个周期始于繁荣时期，在此时，经济蓬勃发展，许多企业都取得了巨大的成功。
Generally speaking, the cycle begins with a boom period, when the economy flourishes and many businesses enjoy great success.
begin with 始于
flourish v. 繁荣；兴旺
4. 然后经济在达到周期的高峰时逐渐失去动力。
Then the economy gradually loses steam as it reaches the peak of the cycle.
lose stream 失去动力
reach the peak 达到顶峰
5. 接着就是经济衰退。许多公司停止赚钱，许多工人因公司裁员而失去工作。
Later on, there is a recession. Many companies stop making money, and lots of workers lose their jobs due to layoffs.
6. 周期的最后阶段是经济复苏。由于政府政策或新技术，经济逐渐复苏。
The last stage of the cycle is recovery. Because of government policy, or new technology, the economy gradually recovers.
