托福听力笔记健身房（四） Lecture笔记健身实战2
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在上一篇中，我们讲解了T16L1的笔记。笔记毕竟是服务于做题的，在本篇中，我们就来看看，健美的笔记是怎样一种解题的有力神器。
首先我们明确一个“题对段，按顺序”的概念，也就是说，大致上，题目的顺序和内容是和原文的段落对应的，类似阅读部分；不同的是，听力的段落需要自己听的时候划分出来，而阅读是有现成的段落的。
我们看看上次的笔记。其中每个段落左上角的加粗数字，从1到5，标出了文章的5个大段。而每段里的红色数字，则是题号，或者说出题点。接下来我们来一道道分析题目，看看笔记是怎样和题目对应的。
马上学
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1What is the main purpose of the lecture?
ATo explain the various ways that sulfuric acid is involved in the formation of caves.
BTo describe caves and other geologic formations in U.S. national parks.
CTo use Lechuguilla Cave as an example of how most caves form.
DTo discuss the formation and characteristics of an unusual type of cave.
这道题是主旨题。讲座的主旨题采用“开头结合全文”的解法，也就是说先靠开头内容来排除，如果有排除不了的选项，就需要分析全文结构。所以我们要先看笔记的第一段记了什么，记的这个内容往往是主旨的核心。在笔记中的第一段，只记了L这个洞的名字，也就是说全文主旨的核心是“L洞”。这是特指一个洞，而不是泛指一些洞。A选项错在原文并没有说道“多种”ways；B错在caves and other geologic formations所指太宽泛；C错在L洞并不属于“大多数”洞；而D，我们通观全文段落，分别总结段落大意：
1引出要谈论的对象——L洞
2教科书上对L洞的特点的介绍，着重介绍了形成过程特点。
3大多数洞由表面流水形成，而L洞却属于小众。
4小众洞的形成过程中洞内的空气环境。
5 L洞内的景观让人赞叹。
再对应D的措辞，formation和characteristics正是第2、3、4、5段的内容，而an unusual type of cave则是L洞的同意改写，所以答案选D。
2The professor mentions parts of the process involved in the formation of Lechuguilla Cave. Indicate which of the statements below describe part of the process.
Click in the correct box for each phrase.
Yes
No
Gypsum residue accumulated to form decorative structures
Gas generated by bacteria reacted with gypsum deposits
Hydrogen sulfide gas mixed with underground water
Acid dissolved parts of the limestone
Bacteria fed on underground oil
Flowing surface water enlarged the cracks in the limestone
这是道表格题，比较少见的难度较高的题型，实际上是细节题，难度在于考了很多细节，弄错其中一个就不得分。
第1项Gypsum residue accumulated to form decorative structures，正是文章最后一段的段意：洞里面好看。对应笔记里红字2-1。
第2项Gas generated by bacteria reacted with gypsum deposits。这里bacteria在原文第二段里出来的，而gypsum则是到了第三段后面出来的，在提到gypsum时从来没说过它和gas有什么反应。
这是把文章两个地方的关键词拿出来拼凑了一个混淆视听的答案。
第3项Hydrogen sulfide gas mixed with underground water。这里对应笔记里红字2-2。
第4项Acid dissolved parts of the limestone。这里对应笔记里红字2-3。
第5项Bacteria fed on underground oil。这里对应笔记里红字2-1。
第6项Flowing surface water enlarged the cracks in the limestone。L洞的cracks不是因为流动的水，而是硫酸。
答案如下：
Yes
No
Gypsum residue accumulated to form decorative structures
√
Gas generated by bacteria reacted with gypsum deposits
√
Hydrogen sulfide gas mixed with underground water
√
Acid dissolved parts of the limestone
√
Bacteria fed on underground oil
√
Flowing surface water enlarged the cracks in the limestone
√
另外，结合笔记可以看出，连接内容题可能打破顺序原则：这是第二道题，但是除了3个点出自第二段，还有一个点出自文章最后一段。此外，在原文中最后一个出现的点，在选项中被放在第一个。在第二段里的过程里的第一个环节，反而被安排为最后一个。
马上学
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3According to the professor, what substance found in surface water is important for the formation of typical limestone caves?
AGypsum
BOxygen
CCarbonic acid
DSulfuric acid
这是道细节题。typical的洞，是大多数洞，对应笔记中红色3处：流动的水里的碳酸，在原文是个在重要逻辑位置上被重读强调的信息。答案是C。
马上学
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4What does the presence of gypsum in Lechuguilla Cave indicate?
AThe cave was not formed by flowing water.
BThe cave is no longer forming.
CBacteria are present in high concentrations inside the cave.
DNo type of acid was involved in the formation of the cave.
这是道细节题，对应笔记中红色4处。如果对“证据表明”这个考点敏感，那么在and there is otherevidence的时候就要警醒的准备记下“什么证据”和“表明了什么”这两个信息。接下来的thatflowing water wasn’t involved in Lechuguilla就是“表明了什么”。再之后，gypsm就是“什么证据”。在笔记中，却只记了gypsm这个信息，而没记“不是流水”，这是因为“不是流水”是整个段落的重要观点，它出现在第三段段首，还出现在第2层层首，现在再次出现，就算笔记不记，我们根据上下文逻辑也不会忘记。
答案是A。
马上学
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5What can be inferred from the fact that Lechuguilla Cave is no longer forming?
AThe cave has stopped attracting visitors.
BThe cave no longer contains any limestone.
CThe air in the cave is safer to breathe now than it was in the past.
DGypsum deposits inside the cave are growing thicker.
这是道推断题，对应笔记中红色5处。采用了“主体对立，属性取反”的推断套路。美国的L洞和本段里提到的墨西哥的洞是对立主体——一个是dormant，一个是forming。墨西哥的洞里空气臭且有毒，那么可以推断出美国的L洞里空气是相对比较安全的。
答案是C。
马上学
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6What does the professor mean when he says this?
Lechuguilla Cave is not completely absent of water.·
Lechuguilla Cave is not totally safe to explore.
Water long ago flowed through Lechuguilla Cave.
Scientists do not agree about how Lechuguilla Cave was formed.
这是道一遍重听的功能题，对应笔记中红色6处。重听题是不遵守顺序原则的。我们摘录一下原文，其中下划线部分是重听部分。
When I wasresearching this for a study a few years ago, I visited a couple of these typical limestonecaves, and they were all very wet, you know, from streams and rivers. This flowing watercarved out the caves and the structures inside them.
Male Student:
But not Lechuguilla?
Professor:
Dry as a bone. Well, that might be a bit of an exaggeration. But it’s safe to say that it’ssulfuric acid and not moving water that formed Lechuguilla caveand those few otherones like it.
重听部分的逻辑是这样的：L洞巨干无比，看不到水。【转折】有点夸张了（实际还是有地表水的）。【转折】就算有流水，也和L洞的形成没关系，人家靠的是硫酸。
