5.1 问题

本例要求为新建虚拟机硬盘位20G，网络类型为“private1”操作系统为CentOS 7： 1. 虚拟机名设置为Cobbler

2. IP地址设置为：192.168.4.123/24

3. 关闭SELinux安全机制

4. 设置防火墙默认区域为trusted

5. 利用Cobbler部署CentOS 7与 RedHat 7双系统装机平台

5.2 方案

cobbler #cobbler程序包

cobbler-web #cobbler的web服务包

pykickstart #cobbler检查kickstart语法错误

httpd #Apache web服务

dhcp #Dhcp服务

tftp-server #tftp服务

5.3 步骤

实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。

步骤一：在虚拟机中解压cobbler.zip包 此cobbler.zip包，起初应该在真机上，可以通过scp命令传递到虚拟机。

1）将真机cobbler.zip包传递到虚拟机中/root目录下，注意真机cobbler.zip绝对路径

2）确认虚拟机中的目录内容

03. [root@svr7 ~]#

01. [root@room9pc01 桌面]# scp -r /root/桌面/Cobbler/ root@192.168.4.123:/root/

02. The authenticity of host '192.168.4.123 (192.168.4.123)' can't be established.

03. ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:TFNqSD+oJMsA88kLwSdLSKZhSigkQIIAfrXLdKoUaJA.

04. ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:f9:b8:7d:8d:ca:4e:20:0d:10:c4:72:a5:9f:42:28:8e.

05. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes

06. Warning: Permanently added '192.168.4.123' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.

07. root@192.168.4.123's password:

08. cobbler_web.png 100% 78KB 6.7MB/s 00:00

09. cobbler.zip 100% 9781KB 61.1MB/s 00:00

10. cobbler_boot.tar.gz 100% 416KB 45.7MB/s 00:00

11. [root@room9pc01 桌面]#

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步骤二：搭建Yum仓库，安装Cobbler

1）将cobbler.zip包，解压缩到根目录下

2)搭建Yum仓库，利用yum安装所有rpm软件包

步骤三：设置防火墙与SELinux

1）设置防火墙默认区域为trusted

01. [root@cob ~]# ls /root/Cobbler/

02. cobbler_boot.tar.gz cobbler_web.png cobbler.zip

03. [root@cob ~]#

01. [root@cob ~]# unzip /root/Cobbler/cobbler.zip -d /

02. ……

03. [root@cob ~]# ls /cobbler/

04. ……

01. [root@cob ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/ #首先通过图形将CentOS光盘放入光驱设备

02. mount: /dev/sr0 写保护，将以只读方式挂载

03. [root@cob ~]# ls /mnt/

04. [root@cob ~]# rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*

05. [root@cob ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/dvd.repo

06. [CentOS7]

07. name=CentOS 7.4

08. baseurl=file:///mnt

09. enabled=1

10. gpgcheck=0

11. [root@cob ~]# yum repolist

12. ……

13. 源标识 源名称 状态

14. CentOS7 CentOS 7.4 3,894

15. repolist: 3,894

16. [root@cob ~]# yum -y install /cobbler/*.rpm

01. [root@cob ~]# firewall-cmd --set-default-zone=trusted Top

2）修改SELinux状态

步骤四：配置cobbler

1）修改配置文件/etc/cobbler/settings

2）配置cobbler的dhcp分配网段及IP地址范围

3）绝对路径解压cobbler_boot.tar.gz

步骤四：启动相关服务

01. [root@cob ~]# setenforce 0

02. [root@cob ~]# getenforce

03. Permissive

04. [root@cob ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config

05. ……

06. SELINUX=permissive

07. ……

01. [root@cob ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings

02. ……

03. next_server: 192.168.4.123 #设置下一个服务器还为本机

04. server: 192.168.4.123 #设置本机为cobbler服务器

05. manage_dhcp: 1 #设置cobbler管理dhcp服务

06. pxe_just_once: 1 #防止客户端重复安装操作系统,增加默认从本机硬盘启动菜单

01. [root@cob ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template

02.

03. ……

04.

05. :%s /192.168.1/192.168.4/g #将所有192.168.1替换为192.168.4

01. [root@cob ~]# tar -tf /root/Cobbler/cobbler_boot.tar.gz #众多的引导文件

02. ……

03. [root@cob ~]# tar -xPf /root/Cobbler/cobbler_boot.tar.gz

04. [root@cob ~]# ls /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/ #默认cobbler存放引导文件路径 Top

1）启动cobblerd主服务

2）启动httpd主服务，主要提供Web页面、装机光盘内容，ks应答文件等

3）启动tftp主服务，主要提供pxelinux.0、菜单文件等

4）启动rsyncd主服务，主要提供cobbler各个组件之间同步数据

步骤五：同步刷新cobbler所有配置

01. [root@cob ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd

02. [root@cob ~]# systemctl enable cobblerd

03. Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/cobblerd.service to

01. [root@cob ~]# systemctl restart httpd

02. [root@cob ~]# systemctl enable httpd

03. Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service to /

01. [root@cob ~]# systemctl restart tftp

02. [root@cob ~]# systemctl enable tftp

03. Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/tftp.socket to /usr/

01. [root@cob ~]# systemctl restart rsyncd

02. [root@cob ~]# systemctl enable rsyncd

03. Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/rsyncd.service to

01. [root@cob ~]# cobbler sync

02. task started: 2018-03-22_200534_sync

03. task started (id=Sync, time=Thu Mar 22 20:05:34 2018)

04. running pre-sync triggers

05. cleaning trees

06. removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images

07. copying bootloaders

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步骤六：导入系统光盘镜像数据

1）导入CentOS系统光盘镜像，cobbler默认提供ks应答文件，但应答文件为最小化安装，命令

格式：

cobbler import --path=挂载点 --name=导入系统命名 --arch=操作系统架构

cobbler导入的镜像放在：/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror

08. copying: /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0

09. copying: /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32

10. copying: /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot -> /var/lib/tftpboot/yaboot

11. copying: /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk -> /var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk

12. copying: /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi

13. copying: /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64

14. copying distros to tftpboot

15. copying images

16. generating PXE configuration files

17. generating PXE menu structure

18. rendering DHCP files

19. generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

20. rendering TFTPD files

21. generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

22. cleaning link caches

23. running post-sync triggers

24. running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*

25. running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services

26. running: dhcpd -t -q

27. received on stdout:

28. received on stderr:

29. running: service dhcpd restart

30. received on stdout:

31. received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service

32.

33. running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*

34. running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*

35. running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track

36. running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*

37. *** TASK COMPLETE **

01. [root@cob ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt --name=CentOS7 --arch=x86_64

02. task started: 2018-03-22_201215_import

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2）首先卸载光驱设备挂载，通过图形将光驱设备中的光盘，换成RHEL7光盘如图-1所示，导入

RHEL7系统光盘镜像，cobbler默认提供ks应答文件，但应答文件为最小化安装

图-1

03. task started (id=Media import, time=Thu Mar 22 20:12:15 2018)

04. ……

05. Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS7-x86_64/repodata

06. *** TASK COMPLETE ***

07. [root@cob ~]# ls /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/

08. CentOS7-x86_64 config

09. [root@cob ~]#

01. [root@cob ~]# umount /mnt/ #卸载光驱设备，将光盘换成RHEL7

01. [root@cob ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/

02. mount: /dev/sr0 写保护，将以只读方式挂载

03. [root@cob ~]# ls /mnt/

04. addons extra_files.json isolinux Packages RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

05. EFI GPL LiveOS repodata TRANS.TBL

06. EULA images media.repo RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-beta

07. [root@cob ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt --name=RedHat --arch=x86_64

08. task started: 2018-03-22_202531_import

09. task started (id=Media import, time=Thu Mar 22 20:25:31 2018)

10. ……

11. Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/RedHat-x86_64/addons/ResilientStorage

12. *** TASK COMPLETE ***

13. [root@cob ~]# ls /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/

14. CentOS7-x86_64 config RedHat-x86_64

15. [root@cob ~]# Top

步骤七：新建虚拟机测试

1）新建一台虚拟机测试：

选择pxe安装方式

注意如果安装CentOS系统虚拟机内容必须为2G以上，安装RedHat内存1G以上，硬盘均在9G以 上

测试虚拟机网络类型选择为：private1