文章将会同步到个人微信公众号:Android部落格
1 基本使用
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_retrofit);
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
.baseUrl("https://api.github.com/")
.addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
.build();
GithubService service = retrofit.create(GithubService.class);
Call<ResponseBody> repos = service.listRepos("cg229836277");
Response<ResponseBody> response = repos.execute();
ResponseBody responseBody = response.body();
String message = responseBody.string();
MyLog.d(TAG, "message:" + message);
Call<UserInfoBean> userRepos = service.getUserInfo("cg229836277");
Response<UserInfoBean> userResponse = userRepos.execute();
UserInfoBean userInfoBean = userResponse.body();
String userName = userInfoBean.getName();
MyLog.d(TAG, "userName:" + userName);
} catch (Exception | Error e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}).start();
}
run方法中包裹的代码以空格为界,分为两部分,上半部分是返回的结果不解析,直接返回ResponseBody,拿到body string之后做其他处理;下半部分获取用户相关信息,由Gson解析序列化成UserInfoBean对象。
所有的接口定义在GithubService
类中,如下:
public interface GithubService {
@GET("users/{user}/repos")
Call<ResponseBody> listRepos(@Path("user") String user);
@GET("users/{user}")
Call<UserInfoBean> getUserInfo(@Path("user") String user);
}
2 源码查看
2.1 Retrofit.Builder
首先需要构建Retrofit,通过Retrofit.Builder类构建。
看看构建方法里面的几个方法。
2.1.1 client
public Builder client(OkHttpClient client) {
return callFactory(Objects.requireNonNull(client, "client == null"));
}
public Builder callFactory(okhttp3.Call.Factory factory) {
this.callFactory = Objects.requireNonNull(factory, "factory == null");
return this;
}
这里将OkHttpClient
设置为callFactory
,因为OkHttpClient集成自Call.Factory,所以可以直接传递:
open class OkHttpClient internal constructor(
builder: Builder
) : Cloneable, Call.Factory, WebSocket.Factory {
2.1.2 baseUrl
用于设置请求网址,比如https://api.github.com/
是请求的基础url,后面还可以加很多请求query参数。
这个方法最终调用到:
public Builder baseUrl(HttpUrl baseUrl) {
Objects.requireNonNull(baseUrl, "baseUrl == null");
List<String> pathSegments = baseUrl.pathSegments();
if (!"".equals(pathSegments.get(pathSegments.size() - 1))) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("baseUrl must end in /: " + baseUrl);
}
this.baseUrl = baseUrl;
return this;
}
在调用之前还调用了HttpUrl的get方法,将传递进来的URL或String地址,转成HttpUrl类型:
private HttpUrl(Builder builder) {
this.scheme = builder.scheme;
this.username = percentDecode(builder.encodedUsername, false);
this.password = percentDecode(builder.encodedPassword, false);
this.host = builder.host;
this.port = builder.effectivePort();
this.pathSegments = percentDecode(builder.encodedPathSegments, false);
this.queryNamesAndValues = builder.encodedQueryNamesAndValues != null
? percentDecode(builder.encodedQueryNamesAndValues, true)
: null;
this.fragment = builder.encodedFragment != null
? percentDecode(builder.encodedFragment, false)
: null;
this.url = builder.toString();
}
get方法将你传入的url先做规范化处理,比如url开始和结束位置有空格等其他非法字符等,处理完毕之后,接着获取请求方式,http或https,请求host,端口等信息。
2.1.3 addConverterFactory
这个方法中,可以添加请求数据或返回数据的序列化类。比如开头的实例中,需要将返回的用户信息序列化成UserInfoBean类,可以通过这个方法添加GsonConverterFactory对象。
2.1.4 addCallAdapterFactory
添加请求处理类,比如RxJavaCallAdapterFactory,可以通过将他的对象传递到这个方法,引入对RxJava的支持。
2.1.5 build
public Retrofit build() {
if (baseUrl == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Base URL required.");
}
okhttp3.Call.Factory callFactory = this.callFactory;
if (callFactory == null) {
callFactory = new OkHttpClient();
}
Executor callbackExecutor = this.callbackExecutor;
if (callbackExecutor == null) {
callbackExecutor = platform.defaultCallbackExecutor();
}
// Make a defensive copy of the adapters and add the default Call adapter.
List<CallAdapter.Factory> callAdapterFactories = new ArrayList<>(this.callAdapterFactories);
callAdapterFactories.addAll(platform.defaultCallAdapterFactories(callbackExecutor));
// Make a defensive copy of the converters.
List<Converter.Factory> converterFactories =
new ArrayList<>(
1 + this.converterFactories.size() + platform.defaultConverterFactoriesSize());
// Add the built-in converter factory first. This prevents overriding its behavior but also
// ensures correct behavior when using converters that consume all types.
converterFactories.add(new BuiltInConverters());
converterFactories.addAll(this.converterFactories);
converterFactories.addAll(platform.defaultConverterFactories());
return new Retrofit(
callFactory,
baseUrl,
unmodifiableList(converterFactories),
unmodifiableList(callAdapterFactories),
callbackExecutor,
validateEagerly);
}
- baseUrl,上层不设置baseUrl,会直接报错;
- callFactory,上层不设置,默认设置OkHttpClient,如果自己自定义的话,可以添加一些自定的interceptor,这个是okhttp的一大特色;
- callAdapterFactories,将上层添加的请求工厂类添加进来,另外还有平台自己默认的一个请求工厂类,在Platform类中定义,如下:
List<? extends CallAdapter.Factory> defaultCallAdapterFactories(
@Nullable Executor callbackExecutor) {
DefaultCallAdapterFactory executorFactory = new DefaultCallAdapterFactory(callbackExecutor);
return hasJava8Types
? asList(CompletableFutureCallAdapterFactory.INSTANCE, executorFactory)
: singletonList(executorFactory);
}
这里hasJava8Types 在sdk版本大于等于24时,为true,这里将CompletableFutureCallAdapterFactory和DefaultCallAdapterFactory一起放到一个List中然后返回,这里DefaultCallAdapterFactory持有传递过来的callbackExecutor对象。
- converterFactories
用于存放请求参数或结果参数的序列化工具,初始化如下:
// Make a defensive copy of the converters.
List<Converter.Factory> converterFactories =
new ArrayList<>(
1 + this.converterFactories.size() + platform.defaultConverterFactoriesSize());
// Add the built-in converter factory first. This prevents overriding its behavior but also
// ensures correct behavior when using converters that consume all types.
converterFactories.add(new BuiltInConverters());
converterFactories.addAll(this.converterFactories);
converterFactories.addAll(platform.defaultConverterFactories());
//retrofit\src\main\java\retrofit2\Platform.java
List<? extends Converter.Factory> defaultConverterFactories() {
return hasJava8Types ? singletonList(OptionalConverterFactory.INSTANCE) : emptyList();
}
OptionalConverterFactory
只有在Android sdk 版本大于等于24才添加。
BuiltInConverters
为默认添加的转换类。
总结
最终build方法返回一个Retrofit对象,封装了上述参数。
return new Retrofit(
callFactory,
baseUrl,
unmodifiableList(converterFactories),
unmodifiableList(callAdapterFactories),
callbackExecutor,
validateEagerly);
2.2 Retrofit.create
还是贴代码,然后分步骤分析:
public <T> T create(final Class<T> service) {
validateServiceInterface(service);
return (T)
Proxy.newProxyInstance(...);
}
上边create方法的参数里面,Class对象service对应文章开头的GithubService类的对象。
2.2.1 validateServiceInterface
用于检查传递过来的形参service是否合法,第一,必须是interface类型;第二,interface类型的类,不能限定类型,比如GithubService<String>。以上两种情况下只要不满足就会抛出异常。
private void validateServiceInterface(Class<?> service) {
if (!service.isInterface()) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("API declarations must be interfaces.");
}
if (service.getTypeParameters().length != 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(message.toString());
}
}
这个方法还涉及一个validateEagerly参数,在Retrofit.Builder中通过validateEagerly方法设置,如果设置为true之后,在这个方法中,就会接着解析interface里面的方法:
if (validateEagerly) {
Platform platform = Platform.get();
for (Method method : service.getDeclaredMethods()) {
if (!platform.isDefaultMethod(method) && !Modifier.isStatic(method.getModifiers())) {
loadServiceMethod(method);
}
}
}
isDefaultMethod
表示当前方法是public且非abstract修饰的实例方法,也就是一个非static方法,有方法体,在interface里面定义。其实说的是java 8的新特性,在interface中,可以添加default修饰符到一个方法,这个方法可以有实现,可以避免当在interface中添加一个方法,所有实现都必须改动的问题。
A default method is a public non-abstract instance method, that is, a non-static method with a body, declared in an interface type.
validateEagerly为true时,会获取到service interface下所有定义的方法,并判断所有方法的类型,如果满足非static并且是default方法,就会调用loadServiceMethod方法,这个方法下一节分析。
2.3 调用interface中的方法
以文章开头demo中GithubService中的方法为例,通过GithubService service = retrofit.create(GithubService.class);
获取了GithubService对象,接下来调用里面定义的API方法,具体调用在Retrofit.create方法中定义的内部类中实现:
return (T)
Proxy.newProxyInstance(
service.getClassLoader(),
new Class<?>[] {service},
new InvocationHandler() {
private final Platform platform = Platform.get();
private final Object[] emptyArgs = new Object[0];
@Override
public @Nullable Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, @Nullable Object[] args)
throws Throwable {
// If the method is a method from Object then defer to normal invocation.
if (method.getDeclaringClass() == Object.class) {
return method.invoke(this, args);
}
args = args != null ? args : emptyArgs;
return platform.isDefaultMethod(method)
? platform.invokeDefaultMethod(method, service, proxy, args)
: loadServiceMethod(method).invoke(args);
}
});
在InvocationHandler类中,调用最后在invoke方法里面:
- proxy,Retrofit的代理对象;
- method,GithubService中定义的方法;
- args,方法中定义的参数,比如
Call<ResponseBody> listRepos(@Path("user") String user);
的参数就是user。
2.4 ServiceMethod和HttpServiceMethod
接下来判断是否是default修饰的方法,如果是,就直接调用,否则通过loadServiceMethod方法调用。
ServiceMethod
static <T> ServiceMethod<T> parseAnnotations(Retrofit retrofit, Method method) {
RequestFactory requestFactory = RequestFactory.parseAnnotations(retrofit, method);
Type returnType = method.getGenericReturnType();
if (Utils.hasUnresolvableType(returnType)) {}
return HttpServiceMethod.parseAnnotations(retrofit, method, requestFactory);
}
通过这个方法可以拆分出很多细节,包括注解解析,返回类型解析等。最终这些属性被封装到ServiceMethod类中。
//Retrofit
ServiceMethod<?> loadServiceMethod(Method method) {
ServiceMethod result = ServiceMethod.parseAnnotations(this, method);
}
//ServiceMethod
static <T> ServiceMethod<T> parseAnnotations(Retrofit retrofit, Method method) {
RequestFactory requestFactory = RequestFactory.parseAnnotations(retrofit, method);
return HttpServiceMethod.parseAnnotations(retrofit, method, requestFactory);
}
//RequestFactory
static RequestFactory parseAnnotations(Retrofit retrofit, Method method) {
return new Builder(retrofit, method).build();
}
RequestFactory build() {
for (Annotation annotation : methodAnnotations) {
parseMethodAnnotation(annotation);
}
int parameterCount = parameterAnnotationsArray.length;
parameterHandlers = new ParameterHandler<?>[parameterCount];
for (int p = 0, lastParameter = parameterCount - 1; p < parameterCount; p++) {
parameterHandlers[p] =
parseParameter(p, parameterTypes[p], parameterAnnotationsArray[p], p == lastParameter);
}
return new RequestFactory(this);
}
上边的代码引申出了RequestFactory,这个类主要处理请求相关的参数。
2.4.1 RequestFactory
- parseAnnotations
方法中通过建造者模式,构建了请求相关的诸多参数,这里只分析其中比较核心的参数。
- parseMethodAnnotation
通过方法可以知道,这个方法主要解析方法的注解:
private void parseMethodAnnotation(Annotation annotation) {
if (annotation instanceof DELETE) {
parseHttpMethodAndPath("DELETE", ((DELETE) annotation).value(), false);
} else if (annotation instanceof GET) {
parseHttpMethodAndPath("GET", ((GET) annotation).value(), false);
} else if (annotation instanceof HEAD) {
parseHttpMethodAndPath("HEAD", ((HEAD) annotation).value(), false);
} else if (annotation instanceof PATCH) {
parseHttpMethodAndPath("PATCH", ((PATCH) annotation).value(), true);
} else if (annotation instanceof POST) {
parseHttpMethodAndPath("POST", ((POST) annotation).value(), true);
} else if (annotation instanceof PUT) {
parseHttpMethodAndPath("PUT", ((PUT) annotation).value(), true);
} else if (annotation instanceof OPTIONS) {
parseHttpMethodAndPath("OPTIONS", ((OPTIONS) annotation).value(), false);
} else if (annotation instanceof HTTP) {
HTTP http = (HTTP) annotation;
parseHttpMethodAndPath(http.method(), http.path(), http.hasBody());
} else if (annotation instanceof retrofit2.http.Headers) {
String[] headersToParse = ((retrofit2.http.Headers) annotation).value();
if (headersToParse.length == 0) {
throw methodError(method, "@Headers annotation is empty.");
}
headers = parseHeaders(headersToParse);
} else if (annotation instanceof Multipart) {
if (isFormEncoded) {
throw methodError(method, "Only one encoding annotation is allowed.");
}
isMultipart = true;
} else if (annotation instanceof FormUrlEncoded) {
if (isMultipart) {
throw methodError(method, "Only one encoding annotation is allowed.");
}
isFormEncoded = true;
}
}
请求方法判断
if-else判断,从DELETE到OPTIONS都属于http的请求方法,参见:https://www.runoob.com/http/http-methods.html。
请求方法注解参数
@GET("users/{user}/repos")
以上述GET请求方法为例,parseHttpMethodAndPath方法解析出了users/{user}/repos
这个地址,以及地址中的user参数。
private void parseHttpMethodAndPath(String httpMethod, String value, boolean hasBody) {
this.httpMethod = httpMethod;
this.hasBody = hasBody;
this.relativeUrl = value;
this.relativeUrlParamNames = parsePathParameters(value);
}
relativeUrl对应地址,relativeUrlParamNames对应地址中的动态参数。
注解以HTTP开头
表示可以自定义请求,示例如下:
@HTTP(method = "GET", path = "users/{user}", hasBody = false)
Call<UserInfoBean> getUserInfo1(@Path("user") String user);
注解以Headers开头
在http请求中添加请求头,如果一个项目中多个请求API都有相同的header字段,比如每个请求头中都有设备型号字段,设备的Android版本字段等,可以统一在OKHttpClient中添加Interceptor,而Interceptor中通过添加Request.Builder设置。这个OKHttpClient对象通过Retrofit.Builder
中的client方法设置:
public Builder client(OkHttpClient client) {}
注解包含Multipart
常见的 POST 数据提交的方式。使用表单上传文件时,必须让 <form> 表单的 enctype 等于 multipart/form-data。
请求头必须包含一个特殊的头信息:Content-Type,且其值必须是multipart/form-data,同时还要规定一个内容分隔符,用于分隔请求体中的多个POST内容。具体的头信息如下:
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=${bound}
。
示例如下:
POST http://www.example.com HTTP/1.1
Content-Type:multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundaryrGKCBY7qhFd3TrwA
------WebKitFormBoundaryrGKCBY7qhFd3TrwA
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="text"
title
------WebKitFormBoundaryrGKCBY7qhFd3TrwA
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="chrome.png"
Content-Type: image/png
PNG ... content of chrome.png ...
------WebKitFormBoundaryrGKCBY7qhFd3TrwA--
主要用于上传文件。
注解包含FormUrlEncoded
其实是Content-Type:application/x-www-form-urlencoded,是post提交数据的一种方式,请求参数采用类似get的参数拼接方式。
application/x-www-form-urlencoded
post的默认请求
需要把对象参数序列化为字符串参数
参数采用类似get的参数拼接方式
使用URIencode转码方式,转码会增加体积,适合短字节
请求参数放在请求体里
不在地址栏显示参数,安全性高
multipart/form-data
不转码,适合传输长字节(如文件)
请求参数放在请求体里
不在地址栏显示参数,安全性高
- parseParameter
解析注解地址中的参数。
private @Nullable ParameterHandler<?> parseParameter(
int p, Type parameterType, @Nullable Annotation[] annotations, boolean allowContinuation) {
ParameterHandler<?> result = null;
if (annotations != null) {
for (Annotation annotation : annotations) {
ParameterHandler<?> annotationAction =
parseParameterAnnotation(p, parameterType, annotations, annotation);
result = annotationAction;
}
}
return result;
}
private ParameterHandler<?> parseParameterAnnotation(
int p, Type type, Annotation[] annotations, Annotation annotation) {
if (annotation instanceof Url) {
return new ParameterHandler.RelativeUrl(method, p);
} else if (annotation instanceof Path) {
Converter<?, String> converter = retrofit.stringConverter(type, annotations);
return new ParameterHandler.Path<>(method, p, name, converter, path.encoded());
} else if (annotation instanceof Query) {
Converter<?, String> converter = retrofit.stringConverter(iterableType, annotations);
return new ParameterHandler.Query<>(name, converter, encoded).iterable();
}
....
}
这里根据注解不同类型,返回不同类型的ParameterHandler,这个类的作用会在后面生成Request的时候,将API传递的参数值args替换到注解的地址或请求参数中。
例如ParameterHandler.Path会将注解中的{user}替换为cg229836277。
2.4.2 HttpServiceMethod.parseAnnotations
ServiceMethod的parseAnnotations方法中,最后调用了HttpServiceMethod.parseAnnotations方法返回,同时也作为loadServiceMethod的结果返回。同时也是demo中GithubService调用API返回的结果,是Call类型。
- parseAnnotations
static <ResponseT, ReturnT> HttpServiceMethod<ResponseT, ReturnT> parseAnnotations(
Retrofit retrofit, Method method, RequestFactory requestFactory) {
Type adapterType = method.getGenericReturnType();
CallAdapter<ResponseT, ReturnT> callAdapter =
createCallAdapter(retrofit, method, adapterType, annotations);
Type responseType = callAdapter.responseType();
Converter<ResponseBody, ResponseT> responseConverter =
createResponseConverter(retrofit, method, responseType);
okhttp3.Call.Factory callFactory = retrofit.callFactory;
return new CallAdapted<>(requestFactory, callFactory, responseConverter, callAdapter);
}
最中返回一个CallAdapted的对象。
- createCallAdapter
创建了请求CallAdapter,从Retrofit的callAdapterFactories列表中取:
private static <ResponseT, ReturnT> CallAdapter<ResponseT, ReturnT> createCallAdapter(
Retrofit retrofit, Method method, Type returnType, Annotation[] annotations) {
try {
//noinspection unchecked
return (CallAdapter<ResponseT, ReturnT>) retrofit.callAdapter(returnType, annotations);
} catch (RuntimeException e) {
}
}
Retrofit
public CallAdapter<?, ?> callAdapter(Type returnType, Annotation[] annotations) {
return nextCallAdapter(null, returnType, annotations);
}
public CallAdapter<?, ?> nextCallAdapter(
@Nullable CallAdapter.Factory skipPast, Type returnType, Annotation[] annotations) {
int start = callAdapterFactories.indexOf(skipPast) + 1;
for (int i = start, count = callAdapterFactories.size(); i < count; i++) {
CallAdapter<?, ?> adapter = callAdapterFactories.get(i).get(returnType, annotations, this);
if (adapter != null) {
return adapter;
}
}
}
Retrofit的callAdapterFactories中最开始添加的child是:
Platform
List<? extends CallAdapter.Factory> defaultCallAdapterFactories(
@Nullable Executor callbackExecutor) {
DefaultCallAdapterFactory executorFactory = new DefaultCallAdapterFactory(callbackExecutor);
return hasJava8Types
? asList(CompletableFutureCallAdapterFactory.INSTANCE, executorFactory)
: singletonList(executorFactory);
}
CompletableFutureCallAdapterFactory和DefaultCallAdapterFactory被添加进来。
根据返回的泛型数据类型以及注解,最终返回的是DefaultCallAdapterFactory。然后调用get方法,返回CallAdapter的对象。
public @Nullable CallAdapter<?, ?> get(Type returnType, Annotation[] annotations, Retrofit retrofit){
return new CallAdapter<Object, Call<?>>() {
@Override
public Type responseType() {
return responseType;
}
@Override
public Call<Object> adapt(Call<Object> call) {
return executor == null ? call : new ExecutorCallbackCall<>(executor, call);
}
};
}
这里的executor就是通过Retrofit.Builder中的callbackExecutor方法设置的。
- createResponseConverter
HttpServiceMethod
private static <ResponseT> Converter<ResponseBody, ResponseT> createResponseConverter(
Retrofit retrofit, Method method, Type responseType) {
return retrofit.responseBodyConverter(responseType, annotations);
}
同样的从Retrofit.Builder的build方法中初始化的几个Converter中确定:
Retrofit.Builder
List<Converter.Factory> converterFactories =
new ArrayList<>(
1 + this.converterFactories.size() + platform.defaultConverterFactoriesSize());
// Add the built-in converter factory first. This prevents overriding its behavior but also
// ensures correct behavior when using converters that consume all types.
converterFactories.add(new BuiltInConverters());
converterFactories.addAll(this.converterFactories);
converterFactories.addAll(platform.defaultConverterFactories());
Retrofit
public <T> Converter<ResponseBody, T> nextResponseBodyConverter(
@Nullable Converter.Factory skipPast, Type type, Annotation[] annotations) {
int start = converterFactories.indexOf(skipPast) + 1;
for (int i = start, count = converterFactories.size(); i < count; i++) {
Converter<ResponseBody, ?> converter =
converterFactories.get(i).responseBodyConverter(type, annotations, this);
if (converter != null) {
//noinspection unchecked
return (Converter<ResponseBody, T>) converter;
}
}
}
这里选择BuiltInConverters,调用其responseBodyConverter方法,实际返回的是BufferingResponseBodyConverter。
如果我们需要序列化的话,选择的就是在Retrofit构建时通过addConverterFactory传递进来的GsonConverterFactory,这里实际返回的是GsonResponseBodyConverter。
- callFactory
在Retrofit.Builder的build方法中,callFactory不设置的话,默认新建了一个OkHttpClient。
总结
HttpServiceMethod的parseAnnotations方法最后,将上述几个参数封装到CallAdapted返回。
2.4.3 HttpServiceMethod.invoke
这个方法中先将上一节生成的几个对象封装到Call,然后调用CallAdapted的adapt方法返回。
HttpServiceMethod
@Override
final @Nullable ReturnT invoke(Object[] args) {
Call<ResponseT> call = new OkHttpCall<>(requestFactory, args, callFactory, responseConverter);
return adapt(call, args);
}
args中就是调用API方法传递过来的。
CallAdapted
@Override
protected ReturnT adapt(Call<ResponseT> call, Object[] args) {
return callAdapter.adapt(call);
}
上一节分析过,callAdapter实际是DefaultCallAdapterFactory中get方法返回的CallAdapter,这里调用adapt方法返回:
@Override
public Call<Object> adapt(Call<Object> call) {
return executor == null ? call : new ExecutorCallbackCall<>(executor, call);
}
分两种情况,依据是是否通过Retrofit.Bulider的callbackExecutor设置executor:
- 不设置的话,为空,返回OkHttpCall;
- 设置之后,返回ExecutorCallbackCall,同时封装了executor和OkHttpCall。
ExecutorCallbackCall
ExecutorCallbackCall(Executor callbackExecutor, Call<T> delegate) {
this.callbackExecutor = callbackExecutor;
this.delegate = delegate;
}
这里的callbackExecutor就是Retrofit构建的时候传入的线程池对象。在下一步执行请求的时候可能会用到。
2.5 Call.execute
此处会在上一步返回的ExecutorCallbackCall中执行:
ExecutorCallbackCall
public Response<T> execute() throws IOException {
return delegate.execute();
}
delegate指向OkHttpCall,看看他的execute方法:
OkHttpCall
@Override
public Response<T> execute() throws IOException {
okhttp3.Call call;
synchronized (this) {
if (executed) throw new IllegalStateException("Already executed.");
executed = true;
call = getRawCall();
}
if (canceled) {
call.cancel();
}
return parseResponse(call.execute());
}
private okhttp3.Call getRawCall() throws IOException {
return rawCall = createRawCall();
}
private okhttp3.Call createRawCall() throws IOException {
okhttp3.Call call = callFactory.newCall(requestFactory.create(args));
if (call == null) {
throw new NullPointerException("Call.Factory returned null.");
}
return call;
}
- RequestFactory.create
RequestFactory
okhttp3.Request create(Object[] args) throws IOException {
ParameterHandler<Object>[] handlers = (ParameterHandler<Object>[]) parameterHandlers;
RequestBuilder requestBuilder =
new RequestBuilder(
httpMethod,
baseUrl,
relativeUrl,
headers,
contentType,
hasBody,
isFormEncoded,
isMultipart);
List<Object> argumentList = new ArrayList<>(argumentCount);
for (int p = 0; p < argumentCount; p++) {
argumentList.add(args[p]);
handlers[p].apply(requestBuilder, args[p]);
}
return requestBuilder.get().tag(Invocation.class, new Invocation(method, argumentList)).build();
}
通过API上边的注解获取了请求相关的属性信息,这里返回okhttp3.Request对象。
方法中的for循环,根据API调用时传递过来的参数,透过ParameterHandler对应到注解变量中,示例如下:
@GET("users/{user}")
Call<UserInfoBean> getUserInfo(@Path("user") String user);
Path类型的注解最终调用到ParameterHandler.Path类中的apply方法,最终拼接的逻辑在RequestBuilder的addPathParam方法中:
RequestBuilder
void addPathParam(String name, String value, boolean encoded) {
String replacement = canonicalizeForPath(value, encoded);
String newRelativeUrl = relativeUrl.replace("{" + name + "}", replacement);
if (PATH_TRAVERSAL.matcher(newRelativeUrl).matches()) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"@Path parameters shouldn't perform path traversal ('.' or '..'): " + value);
}
relativeUrl = newRelativeUrl;
}
- 生成okhttp Request
首先通过RequestBuilder的get方法,将baseUrl和relativeUrl拼接起来,作为请求Url;
然后通过不同的contentType将对应的参数填充到RequestBody;
再将url,header,method,body封装到RequestBuilder返回;
最后调用RequestBuilder的build方法,将上述信息封装到okhttp3.Request中。
- newCall
callFactory对应OkHttpClient,这里调用newCall之后,返回okhttp3.Call,然后调用execute方法返回结果。
2.6 结果解析
从OkHttpCall的execute方法最后一行开始:
@Override
public Response<T> execute() throws IOException {
return parseResponse(call.execute());
}
parseResponse方法做具体的解析工作:
Response<T> parseResponse(okhttp3.Response rawResponse) throws IOException {
ResponseBody rawBody = rawResponse.body();
rawResponse =
rawResponse
.newBuilder()
.body(new NoContentResponseBody(rawBody.contentType(), rawBody.contentLength()))
.build();
int code = rawResponse.code();
...
ExceptionCatchingResponseBody catchingBody = new ExceptionCatchingResponseBody(rawBody);
T body = responseConverter.convert(catchingBody);
return Response.success(body, rawResponse);
}
- 第一步获取Response.body,然后将Response中的code,headers等重新封装到Response中。
- code小于200或大于300统一处理为报错;code等于204或205处理为成功,但是没有内容。
- 处理成功的内容,需要根据最初Retrofit.Builder构建的时候传递的Converter将结果中的body序列化成API返回Call泛型限定的类型。
responseConverter通过构建OkHttpCall时传递过来。根据前面的分析,HttpServiceMethod.invoke构建了OkHttpCall,传递过来的responseConverter实际是BufferingResponseBodyConverter或自定义的转换类型。
针对返回Response<ResponseBody>类型的数据,使用BufferingResponseBodyConverter,将body封装到返回:
BufferingResponseBodyConverter.convert
Utils.buffer
static ResponseBody buffer(final ResponseBody body) throws IOException {
Buffer buffer = new Buffer();
body.source().readAll(buffer);
return ResponseBody.create(body.contentType(), body.contentLength(), buffer);
}
针对返回Response<T>类型的数据,使用GsonResponseBodyConverter,将body序列化成T返回:
public T convert(ResponseBody value) throws IOException {
JsonReader jsonReader = gson.newJsonReader(value.charStream());
try {
T result = adapter.read(jsonReader);
return result;
} finally {
value.close();
}
}
最后通过Response.success方法将返回的原始okhttp3.Response及body返回给调用者。
2.6.2 enqueue方法调用
另外根据OkHttpCall类提供的enqueue方法,可以换一种请求方式:
Call<UserInfoBean> userRepos = service.getUserInfo1("cg229836277");
userRepos.enqueue(new Callback<UserInfoBean>() {
@Override
public void onResponse(Call<UserInfoBean> call, Response<UserInfoBean> response) {
UserInfoBean userInfoBean = response.body();
String userName = userInfoBean.getName();
Log.d(TAG, "userName:" + userName);
}
@Override
public void onFailure(Call<UserInfoBean> call, Throwable t) {
Log.d(TAG, "userName error:" + t);
}
});
在Retrofit构建时调用callbackExecutor传递自定义的工作线程,可以直接在UI线程中调用,因为okhttp的enqueue方法会在自定义的工作线程中请求,而execute方法则不会。如果设置了线程池,会在DefaultCallAdapterFactory.ExecutorCallbackCall中调用:
@Override
public void enqueue(final Callback<T> callback) {
Objects.requireNonNull(callback, "callback == null");
delegate.enqueue(
new Callback<T>() {
@Override
public void onResponse(Call<T> call, final Response<T> response) {
callbackExecutor.execute(
() -> {
if (delegate.isCanceled()) {
// Emulate OkHttp's behavior of throwing/delivering an IOException on
// cancellation.
callback.onFailure(ExecutorCallbackCall.this, new IOException("Canceled"));
} else {
callback.onResponse(ExecutorCallbackCall.this, response);
}
});
}
@Override
public void onFailure(Call<T> call, final Throwable t) {
callbackExecutor.execute(() -> callback.onFailure(ExecutorCallbackCall.this, t));
}
});
}
3 总结
Retrofit总体看来就是使用了注解,简化了各种请求参数的填写。底层请求还是用的OkHttp。
另外上层提供了请求和结果处理的接口,使得这部分处理具有很大的灵活性,比如请求的时候可以通过addCallAdapterFactory方法添加RxJava。
另外需要注意的是,源码里面选择CallAdapter和Converter的方式,核心是下边两行代码:
//获取请求
CallAdapter<?, ?> adapter = callAdapterFactories.get(i).get(returnType, annotations, this);
//获取转换
Converter<ResponseBody, ?> converter =
converterFactories.get(i).responseBodyConverter(type, annotations, this);
get方法在各自的转换类中实现,如果与方法的返回类型,及类型的泛型向匹配就返回对应的请求或转换类。