• 查询数据库中的所有数据库名：

  SELECT Name FROM Master..SysDatabases ORDER BY Name
  

• 查询当前连接（某个）数据库中所有的表名：

  SELECT Name FROM SysObjects Where XType='U' ORDER BY Name
  

其中XType='U' 的 U = User table，代表着使用获取当前用户的表。
注意，如果上面查询出来的结果掺杂着系统表，请加上条件：AND sysstat = '83' 也就是SELECT Name FROM SysObjects Where XType='U' AND sysstat = '83' ORDER BY Name
其他参数（如：S = System table）请参考微软官方说明https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/system-compatibility-views/sys-sysobjects-transact-sql?view=sql-server-2017

如果链接失效，请搜索关键字【 XType='U' 】

• 查询【Blog】表，字段类型为【nvarchar】的所有字段

  select sys.objects.name as tableName,syscolumns.name as columnsName
  from syscolumns 
  LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.objects ON 
  syscolumns.id = sys.objects.object_id
  where  syscolumns.xtype = '231' and sys.objects.name = 'Blog'
  

其中，syscolumns.xtype 的值，通过 select TypeName = name,TypeID = system_type_id from sys.types order by TypeID 或者select distinct a.xtype,b.name from syscolumns a inner join systypes b on a.xtype=b.xtype order by a.xtype来查询得到，例如：nvarchar：231，varchar：167

• 查询【UserInfo】表的【UserName】字段的“数据类型”和“长度”

  select column_name,data_type,CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH from information_schema.columns 
  where table_name ='UserInfo' and COLUMN_NAME='UserName'
  

• 修改【UserInfo】表的【UserName】字段的数据类型为【nvarchar(100)】

  alter table  UserInfo  alter column UserName nvarchar(100)
  

• 查询当前表的架构名

  select schema_id, name, schema_name(schema_id) as SchemaName from sys.tables
  

• 获取表的基本字段属性

    SELECT syscolumns.name,systypes.name,syscolumns.isnullable,
    syscolumns.length 
    FROM syscolumns, systypes 
    WHERE syscolumns.xusertype = systypes.xusertype 
    AND syscolumns.id = object_id('表名')
  

• 查询数据库里所有的表属性

    SELECT   
     (case when a.colorder=1 then d.name else '' end) as 表名,--如果表名相同就返回空  
         a.colorder as 字段序号,  
         a.name as 字段名,  
         (case when COLUMNPROPERTY( a.id,a.name,'IsIdentity')=1 then '√'else '' end) as 标识,  
         (case when (SELECT count(*) FROM sysobjects--查询主键  
                         WHERE (name in  
                                 (SELECT name FROM sysindexes   
                                 WHERE (id = a.id)  AND (indid in  
                                         (SELECT indid FROM sysindexkeys  
                                           WHERE (id = a.id) AND (colid in  
                                             (SELECT colid FROM syscolumns  
                                             WHERE (id = a.id) AND (name = a.name))  
                             )))))   
             AND (xtype = 'PK'))>0 then '√' else '' end) as 主键,--查询主键END  
     b.name as 类型,  
     a.length as 占用字节数,  
     COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name,'PRECISION') as  长度,  
     isnull(COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name,'Scale'),0) as 小数位数,  
     (case when a.isnullable=1 then '√'else '' end) as 允许空,  
     isnull(e.text,'') as 默认值,  
     isnull(g.[value],'') AS 字段说明   
     FROM syscolumns a left join systypes b   
     on a.xtype=b.xusertype  
     inner join sysobjects d   
     on a.id=d.id and d.xtype='U' and d.name<>'dtproperties'  
     left join syscomments e  
     on a.cdefault=e.id  
     left join sys.extended_properties g  
     on a.id=g.major_id AND a.colid = g.minor_id   
     order by a.id,a.colorder